What Is the Genetic Map?

A genetic map is a chromosomal map of a species (also known as a linkage map) that shows the relative positions of known genes and / or genetic markers, rather than a specific physical location on each chromosome. Straight arrangement (array of gene loci) maps of mutational loci that can occur on a chromosome derived from the results of genetic recombination tests.

Genetic map

Genetic map of a species

The genetic map, or genetic linkage map, is an important part of genomic research. It refers to

1. There is a big difference in parent selection, and the offspring can

The genetic material for constructing a genetic map is a segregated population, that is, a mapping population. According to its genetic stability, it can be divided into two categories: one is non-fixed segregated population or temporary population (F2, F3, F4, BC population, three-cross population). Its main feature is that it is easy to construct in a short period. Large and small mapping groups. The second is a permanent or fixed mapping group. DH and RIL are permanent mapping groups. They overcome the shortcomings of the temporary group, but it is either difficult or time-consuming to construct such a group.

The linear arrangement of genes on specific chromosomes obtained through genetic recombination is called genetic linkage map. It determines the relative distance between linked genetic markers by calculating their recombination frequency, which is usually expressed in centimolars. There are many methods for drawing genetic linkage maps, but when the technology of DNA polymorphism is not developed, there are few identified linkage maps. With the development of DNA polymorphism, the number of available genetic markers is rapidly expanded. The polymorphic markers used early were RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism), RAPD (random primer amplification polymorphic DNA), AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism); STR (short tandem repeat, also known as microsatellite) DNA genetic polymorphism analysis and SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) analysis developed in the 1990s. Genetic maps can be used for genetic analysis and gene mapping of various diseases and traits.