What is a genetic map?

The

gene is a unit composed of a linear source of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that occupies a specific location on the chromosome and determines the inherited properties of the organism. Chromosomes are DNA fibers that carry genes in linear order. For example, human cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes. The genetic map, also known as the genome or genetic bond map, is a graph that shows the sequence and position of genes and genetic markers on the chromosome.

In 1990, the Ministry of Energy and National Institutes of the United States launched an international research study called The Human Genome Project project. worked with Wellcom Trust in the UK and scientists from several other countries, including Germany, Japan, China and France. Most physical research was conducted in the US, Canada, New Zealand and the UK. The aim of the initiative was to discover all 20 000 - 25,000 human genes and determine the sequences of 3 million chemical pairs that form the Human DNA fund. In 2003 the project was completed by the release of LiDuki genome or genetic maps that showed the sequence and location of all known human genes and genetic markers.

4 This marker sometimes contains a gene mutation that results in a defective protein that can be associated with inherited diseases or disorders. Markers identified by a genetic map are used by scientists trying to isolate the genes responsible for inherited diseases.

genetics have already successfully located genes responsible for cystic fibrosis and muscle dystrophy, research also identified possible genetic markers for many other diseases, including various cancer, heart dissease, diabetes and several psychiatric problems such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. To determine the gene associated with the disease, scientists obtain blood samples from members of the family in whom the disease occurs. Then they explore the DNA of all members, not just those who have a disease to find out which poisonIntroduction patterns only occur in the affected members. This type of research is difficult to work, but has been significantly accelerated since the publication of the human genetic map.

Some epidemiologists also began to create a genetic map of certain viruses and bacteria. Scientists at two American universities created the genome of a common cold virus, a human rhino, one of the main causes of asthma attacks, bronchitis and ears and sinus infections. Finding a drug for a common cold was difficult because there are almost 100 different strains. The genetic map insulated various rhinos to 15 smaller groups that should allow drug companies to develop drugs to prevent the spread of colds.

genomes are also evolving to monitor the path of infectious diseases. The HIV genetic map in Europe was monitoring the spread of the disease on this continent. Another use of the genome was to isolate genes that cause side effects on prescription drugs such as antidepressants and diabetes medicines.