What is the Hypothalamic-Hypophysis axis?

Hypothalamic-hypophysis axis-Nadledvinová (HPA) is a set of effects and reverse responses between the hypothalamus and the pituitary glands and the adrenal glands. The HPA axis helps to regulate temperature, digestion, immune system, mood, sexuality and overall energy. It also has a large part of checking responses to stress, whether physical or mental.

hypothalamus and pituitary are located in the brain; Mountains sit on the top of the kidneys. Hypothalamus controls hunger, fatigue, sleep and body temperature and excretes hormones. It has a close relationship with the pituitary, because hormones that exclude, stimulate or inhibit the pituitary gland to secrete its hormones, which also control the function of the body. Adrenal glands, in addition to the regulation of kidney function, also release hormones that are part of a stress reaction. The point on regulating the effects of stress on the function of the body. The first step in this process occurs in a hypothalamus that releases a hormone called a factor of corticotrophins (CRF) in response to stress. CRF hormones then stimulate the pituitary gland that then releases adrenocorticotoil hormone (ACTH). ACTH, in turn, stimulates the adrenal gland that releases cortisol. Among other things, cortisol is responsible for slowing the inflammatory reaction of the immune system and control of blood pressure.

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Hypothalamic-Hypophysis axis is maintained in balance through a positive and negative feedback system. It depends on the amount of cortisol in the blood, the level of stress and the cycle of awakening/sleep. For example, if cortisol levels are too high, hypothalamus and pituitary gland is stimulated and reduces the production of hormones that have started this process, keeping the body balance. Constant voltage of any species can lead to HPA axis dysfunction.

Many problems with HPA axes are mood disorders such as anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder and insomnia. It is also a factor of chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia and burnout. Constant stress axis of the hypothalamic-hypophysis and adrenalThe Incas can also be a contributing factor in irritable bowel and alcoholism syndrome. Many mood disorders are treated with antidepressants that operate by regulating the axis of the hypothalamic-pephysis and adrenal glands.

Many research was carried out on the HPA axis and its relation to stress, physical and mental. One of the interesting things to note about research is that it can be done on many different animals, not just people. The Hypothalamic-Hypophysis-Nadlediny axis is actually common for all mammals and for some other vertebrates.