What are molecular markers?

Molecular marker, also referred to as a genetic marker, is a special sequence of deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA, which is identifiable in the context of the entire genome. Scientists use molecular markers to monitor the location of specific genes or other remarkable DNA sequences in a larger spring. Some molecular markers can only be identified by examining the sequence of genetic information, while others can be identified by visual examination of the body. These markers serve many purposes in biological research, including the characteristics of academic nature and those that are more therapy. Academic applications may include cataloging genes that affect specific features, while therapeutic applications include research of markers that help identify genetic changes in the hope of disease treatment.

There are many different types of molecular markers of different lengths and configurations that can be used for many different purposes. Some occur in Naturally while others are scientists youVelified specifically to indicate the positions of certain DNA sequences. Various laboratory processes can be used to add molecular markers to specific DNA sequences or to cut DNA chains at points marked by the presence of molecular markers. The use of some techniques based on such markers allows scientists to create "genetic maps" containing coded genetic information about the organism.

Molecular markers must have several different properties to be useful for scientists. For example, it must be easy to find and identify with certainty, as any doubts could question the final results of brand -based experiments. It must also be polymorphic, which means that different forms of the gene coded with marker exist in different organisms of the same species and result in some form of change in organisms. In general there are little information to be obtained from non -olymorphic Smost. Polymorphisms also lead to visible changes, such as eye color or wing structure that can be used to identify which organisms have a particular genetic make -up.

different processes in biological research use molecular markers for a wide range of purposes. They are usually used to try to determine how specific physical properties or conditions are associated with genetic variables. Sometimes it is done for purely academic purposes, because scientists are often interested in determining which genes affect which physical properties. However, it can also be used for therapeutic purposes. For example, some genetic variations can lead to disease, so the investigation of polymorphic molecular markers can lead scientists to some insight into the nature of genetic diseases.