What are the Moons of Uranus?

Uranus has 27 known moons. The five satellites discovered before 1948 are all regular satellites. In 1986, Voyager 2 discovered another ten dark satellites with much smaller diameter in the orbit of Tianwei. The average density of Celestial is between 1.26 and 1.65 g / cm3.

Uranus satellite

Uranus Satellite Uranus

Referred to as Tianwei. The bottom of their craters is often covered with a layer of carbon-rich organic matter, most likely composed of a mixture of rock and solid methane and ammonia ice.

Uranus has confirmed 27 satellites

Ariel is a satellite orbiting Uranus.

Umbriel ("UM bree el" in English) is the third largest satellite of Uranus. It is known that the satellite is 13th from Uranus. It was discovered by William Lassell in 1851. Uranus and Uranus are similar, but The latter is 35% larger. Uranus's large satellites are made up of 40-50% ice and rocks. It contains more rocks than Enceladus.

The severely undulating crater topography of Tenerife may have been stable since it was formed. Celestial is very dark, and it reflects about half of Uranus' brightest moon, Celestial One. Its surface is covered with craters. Although there are no signs of geological activity, it has bizarre characteristics. It has a bright crater, about 112 kilometers wide, nicknamed the "Fluorescent Cup". The dark part of the pit surface may be organic matter, and the light part is unknown.

Titania is a satellite orbiting Uranus. Tianwei III is about the same size as Tianwei IV and is also full of volcanic ash. This indicates that volcanic activity has occurred. There are thousands of kilometers of windy Grand Canyon, which may have been formed by the internal water freezing and expanding, which cracked the weak shell. With a diameter of about 1577 kilometers, Uranus is the largest moon of Uranus. Its surface has been re-covered with a black substance, possibly methane or water ice.

Oberon is a satellite orbiting Uranus. The outermost Tianwei IV is full of craters. There are many dark areas at the bottom of the crater, which may have been filled with ice rocks.

Miranda is a satellite orbiting Uranus, which is closer to Uranus. Orbit: 129,850 km from Uranus

Satellite diameter: 472 km

Mass: 6.3e19 kg

Miranda is the name of a daughter of the magician in Shakespeare's Tempest

It was discovered by Kuiper in 1948.

In order to continue to fly to Neptune, Voyager 2 had to fly close to Uranus to gain propulsion. Because the direction of the entire flight was almost 90 degrees from the zodiac plane, it was only very close to the satellite. Before Voyager 2 flew near, because Enceladus was not the largest satellite of Neptune, and there was nothing special, so it could not be selected as the main research object, so it was almost unknown to the satellite . However, Voyager 2 proved that it was a very interesting satellite.

Celestus is a mixture of ice and rock.

The surface of Celestial Guard is composed of numerous craters and strange grooves, valleys and cliffs (one of which is 5 kilometers high;).

At first, the scene in the pictures of Tianweiwu brought by Voyager 2 puzzled people. Everyone used to think that the history of geological internal activity of Uranus' moons was extremely short (just like Europa). For those who are doing live broadcasts, how to explain the strange terrain that has not yet been explained is a great difficulty. The esoteric jargon they often use is no longer useful, and they have to use some terms such as "^ or v fangs", "runway", and "multi-layer cake" Bizarre animal.

Later, it was thought that Tianweiwu had undergone multiple crushing and re-aggregation since its creation (that is, it was very smooth, then it was crushed after being hit by an asteroid or comet, and finally recombined by its own gravity to make the surface strange), and every time Both times destroyed a part of the original surface, exposing some internal matter. Now, however, another more accepted theory has emerged that these terrains are caused by melting ice.

Small satellites in 1986 (

The theory of molten holes and smashing in the strange terrain of Tianweiwu is only a theoretical guess. More evidence is needed to enhance the persuasiveness of these theories.

There are no plans to probe Uranus and Neptune again. When will we visit this strange world again? The material brought back by Voyager 2 will for a long time be the only source of information we have about them.

9.1 Two new moons, Uranus, temporarily named Caliban and Sycorax, S / 1997 U 1 and S / 1997 U 2, have been discovered. The names proposed by the discoverers, Caliban and Sycorax will most likely be accepted by the IAU (International Astronomical Union). The former (Caliban, S / 1997 U 1) has an orbit of about 7.2 million kilometers from Uranus, and its diameter is about 60 kilometers; the latter (Sycorax, S / 1997 U 2) has an orbit from Uranus Counting about 12.2 million kilometers, the diameter is about 120 kilometers. Estimates of these dimensions are based on their surface brightness and assumed albedo (with approximately 7% error). Their orbits are reversed and highly inclined.

Caliban is a character in Shakespeare's script The Tempest , an ugly and brutal slave of the magician Prospero, and the son of the witch Sycorax, who had been detained by Ariel for her betrayal. In the script, Prospero dispelled the witch's spell, liberated Ariel, and took the Caliban as a slave.

They were discovered by Brett Gladman, Phil Nicholson, Joseph Burns, and JJ Kavelaars with a 200-inch Haier telescope. The first pictures were taken on September 6 and 7, 1997.

Prior to this discovery, Uranus was the only giant gas planet with no " irregular " satellites found. The so-called "irregular" satellites are: their orbital plane is not parallel to the planet's equatorial plane.

Such as other irregular satellites (such as Jupiter's outer 8 satellites, Titan and Triton). Similarly, they may be attracted asteroids. They cannot be formed on their current trajectory.

They are the most obscure satellites observed with ground-based telescopes.

Prospero, Setebos, and Stephano are named after Shakespeare's play " The Tempest": Prosper is a magical magician. The steward on the elven ship steers Ariel (elves); Stephano and Caliban plot to kill Prospero; Setebos is the god of the Sycorax territory.

The first picture was taken by Kavelaars, Gladman, Holman et al with a Canada-France-Hawaii telescope in Mauna Kea in July 1999. Their orbits are still uncertain but about 10 to 25 million kilometers from Uranus. They have a diameter of about 30 ~ 40 km (assuming an albedo of .07)

Uranus' satellite system is the smallest of all gas giant planets, and the sum of the masses of the 5 largest planets is also less than

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Inner satellite

Main group satellite

Irregular satellite (retrograde)

Irregular satellite (forward)

The following list lists all known satellites of Uranus, which are arranged by short-to-long orbital period by default. All satellites that are large enough to have a surface that collapses to form a spheroid are marked with a light blue background and their names are shown in bold font. Retrograde irregular satellites are displayed in dark gray. Uranus 23 is the only irregular satellite known to have a direct orbit in Uranus, shown in light gray in the table below.

Uranus' moons

order	Discovery order	name	Original name (pronounced)	Size (km)	Mass (× 10kg)	Semi-major axis (km)	Orbital period (days)	Orbit inclination (°)	Eccentricity	Discovery Year	discoverer
1	VI	Celestius	Cordelia (English pronunciation: / krdili /)	40 ± 6 (50 × 36)	0.044	49,770	0.335034	0.08479 °	0.00026	1986	Trier (Traveler 2)
2	VII	Celestial Seven	Ophelia (English pronunciation: / fili /)	43 ± 8 (54 × 38)	0.053	53,790	0.376400	0.1036 °	0.00992	1986	Trier (Traveler 2)
3	VIII	Celestial Guard	Bianca (English pronunciation: / bik /)	51 ± 4 (64 × 46)	0.092	59,170	0.434579	0.193 °	0.00092	1986	Smith (Traveler 2)
4	IX	Celestial Guardian	Cressida (English pronunciation: / krsd /)	80 ± 4 (92 × 74)	0.34	61,780	0.463570	0.006 °	0.00036	1986	Senot (Traveler 2)
5	X	Ten	Desdemona (English pronunciation: / dzdmon /)	64 ± 8 (90 × 54)	0.18	62,680	0.473650	0.11125 °	0.00013	1986	Senot (Traveler 2)
6	XI	Celestial Eleven	Juliet (English pronunciation: / dulit /)	94 ± 8 (150 × 74)	0.56	64,350	0.493065	0.065 °	0.00066	1986	Senot (Traveler 2)
7	XII	Celestial Twelve	Portia (English pronunciation: / pr /)	135 ± 8 (156 × 126)	1.70	66,090	0.513196	0.059 °	0.00005	1986	Senot (Traveler 2)
8	XIII	Celestial Thirteen	Rosalind (English pronunciation: / rzlnd /)	72 ± 12	0.25	69,940	0.558460	0.279 °	0.00011	1986	Senot (Traveler 2)
9	XXVII	Celestial Twenty-seven	Cupid (English pronunciation: / kjupd /)	18	0.0038	74,800	0.618	0.1 °	0.0013	2003	Showwalt and Lisor
10	XIV	Celestial Fourteen	Belinda (English pronunciation: / blnd /)	90 ± 16 (128 × 64)	0.49	75,260	0.623527	0.031 °	0.00007	1986	Senot (Traveler 2)
11	XXV	Twenty-five	Perdita (English pronunciation: / prdt /)	30 ± 6	0.018	76,400	0.638	0.0 °	0.0012	1999	Kakoska (Traveler 2)
12	XV	Celestial fifteen	Puck (English pronunciation: / pk /)	162 ± 4	2.90	86,010	0.761833	0.3192 °	0.00012	1985	Senot (Traveler 2)
13	XXVI	Celestial Twenty-six	Mab (English pronunciation: / mæb /)	25	0.01	97,700	0.923	0.1335 °	0.0025	2003	Showwalt and Lisor
14	V	Ten guard five	Miranda (English pronunciation: / mrænd /)	471.6 ± 1.4 (481 × 468 × 466)	65.9 ± 7.5	129,390	1.413479	4.232 °	0.0013	1948	Kuiper
15	I	Tenweiichi	Ariel (English pronunciation: / ril /)	1,157.8 ± 1.2 (1162 × 1156 × 1155)	1,353 ± 120	191,020	2.520379	0.260 °	0.0012	1851	Russell
16	II	Celestial II	Umbriel (English pronunciation: / mbril /)	1,169.4 ± 5.6	1,172 ± 135	266,300	4.144177	0.205 °	0.0039	1851	Russell
17	III	Celestial	Titania (English pronunciation: / ttnj /)	1,576.8 ± 1.2	3,527 ± 90	435,910	8.705872	0.340 °	0.0011	1787	Herschel
18	IV	Celestial Guardian	Oberon (English pronunciation: / obrn /)	1,522.8 ± 5.2	3,014 ± 75	583,520	13.463239	0.058 °	0.0014	1787	Herschel
19	XXII	Celestial Twenty-two	Francisco (English pronunciation: / frænssko /)	22	0.0072	4,276,000	266.56	147.459 °	0.1459	2003	Holman et al
20	XVI	Celestial Guardian	Caliban (English pronunciation: / kælbæn /)	72	0.25	7,230,000	579.50	139.885 °	0.1587	1997	Gladman et al
twenty one	XX	Celestial Twenty	Stephano (English pronunciation: / stfno /)	32	0.022	8,002,000	676.50	141.873 °	0.2292	1999	Gladman et al
twenty two	XXI	Celestial Twenty-one	Trinculo (English pronunciation: / trkjlo /)	18	0.0039	8,571,000	758.10	166.252 °	0.2200	2001	Holman et al
twenty three	XVII	Celestial Seventeen	Sycorax (English pronunciation: / skræks /)	150	2.30	12,179,000	1283.4	152.456 °	0.5224	1997	Nicholson et al
twenty four	XXIII	Celestial Twenty-three	Margaret (English pronunciation: / mrrt /)	20	0.0054	14,345,000	1694.8	51.455 °	0.6608	2003	Shepard and Juvit
25	XVIII	Celestial Eighteen	Prospero (English pronunciation: / prspro /)	50	0.085	16,418,000	1992.8	146.017 °	0.4448	1999	Holman et al
26	XIX	Celestial Nineteen	Setebos (English pronunciation: / stbs /)	48	0.075	17,459,000	2202.3	145.883 °	0.5914	1999	Cavallals et al
27	XXIV	Celestial Twenty-four	Ferdinand (English pronunciation: / frdnænd /)	20	0.0054	20,900,000	2823.4	167.346 °	0.3682	2003	Holman et al