What is the central force?

Central force is the force with the direction and size that depends only on the center of the object and the distance from its center to another point. The direction that must cause central force must be along the line connecting the center of the object to the second point, while the size of the force depends only on the distance or radius between them. Examples of central forces are found in gravitational force, electrostatic force and spring strength. Only two types of central forces can lead to orbital movement: gravitational force and analogous force.

Newton's law of universal gravity states that the gravitational force between two objects is always directed together. In addition, the size of the force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between objects - in other words, doubling the distance between objects will lead to power by only one quarter as strong. When one object is much more massive than the other, the arrangement meets the central force criteria.

The analogous central force is an electrostatic force between electrical charge particles. WITHThe same as gravitational force is the electrostatic force inversely proportional to the square of the distance between two particles. Unlike gravity, however, electrostatic interactions are proportional to the product of their fees rather than their masses. They also tend to dominate on very small scales. Mathematically speaking, the size of the gravitational force and the electrostatic force monitor the Act on Inversion-Kvadrate .

Another type of central force may result from the spring interaction with the object. The force created by the spring is proportional to the distance that is stretched from its equilibrium length. Stretching the spring twice the distance from its equilibrium length to appear in attractive force twice as strong. This kind of behavior is known as Hooke's law and is seen not only in the sources, but in any linear elastic material - including most solid metals. When spring or suitable material is anchored on Wednesday, the criter can also meet the criterIa central power.

Although increasing the distance between objects or particles has a very different effect in systems that are governed by the Inversion-Kvadrate Versus Hooke law, both these central forces create a closed orbital movement. The planets orbit in the sun for gravity, the central power subject to the Act on Inversion-Kvadrát. Similarly charged particles can circulate on the orbiting counter -charged center due to electrostatic power. The somewhat less known fact is that the centrally anchored spring can cause an object orbiting the center when other forces are negligible. Simple harmonious movement is one of such examples that is forced to move only along one dimension.