What Is Seismic Exploration?
Seismic exploration refers to a geophysical exploration method that uses the difference in elasticity and density of the underground medium caused by artificial excitation to observe and analyze the propagation law of seismic waves generated by artificial earthquakes in the ground and infer the properties and morphology of underground rock formations.
- Seismic exploration [1]
- "Earthquake" means "earthquake." Natural earthquakes are crustal vibrations caused by movements inside the earth. Seismic exploration is to use artificial methods to cause crustal vibration (such as explosive explosion, controllable seismic source vibration), and then use precision instruments to record the vibration information of each receiving point on the ground after the explosion in a certain observation method. The results obtained after a series of processing operations infer the characteristics of underground geological structures.
- Earthquake waves are artificially excited on the ground surface. When propagating underground, they encounter rock layer interfaces with different media properties.
- Seismic exploration is also called exploration seismology. The main features of this method are:
- 1. Use special instruments and observe the difference in wave impedance between rock layers in a specific way to study underground geological problems;
- 2. Exciting seismic waves by artificial methods, studying the rules and characteristics of seismic wave propagation in strata, in order to ascertain underground geological structures, and serving for the search for oil and gas fields or other exploration targets;
- 3. The return on investment for seismic exploration is very high. Almost all oil companies rely on seismic exploration data to determine the location of exploration and development wells;
- 4. The results of 3D seismic exploration can provide rich geological details and greatly promote the development of reservoir engineering. [3]
- origin
- The seismic exploration process consists of three stages: seismic data acquisition, data processing, and seismic data interpretation.
- Including reflection, refraction, and
- "Digital Life" began in the 1960s. After more than 40 years of development, seismic exploration technology has made great progress, mainly reflected in:
- First, seismic exploration has evolved from solving a single structural problem to solving lithology, stratigraphy, and oil and gas detection;
- Secondly, seismic exploration has developed from oil and gas exploration to oilfield development and reservoir engineering, and it has achieved great results.
- Since the 1990s, the new wave of geophysics "high precision and complexity" is undergoing another period of leaps and bounds. The main signs of this period are:
- 1. Three-dimensional earthquakes gradually replace two-dimensional earthquakes, and play an increasingly important role in determining evaluation well locations, calculating oil and gas reserves, and formulating development plans.
- 2. Prestack depth migration technology solves the problem of accurate imaging of complex geological phenomena;
- 3. Theories and methods in other fields have been introduced into the field of seismic exploration, such as neural network technology, wavelet transform, fractal dimension, pattern recognition, biological evolution, etc.
- After entering the 21st century, three-dimensional visual interpretation system, time-shift seismic technology, monitoring technology with wellbore (logging, VSP), elastic impedance inversion technology, prestack depth migration technology, depth domain seismic information display technology, Quan Yagui Wave field imaging technology, solid earth model technology, intelligent oil field development monitoring technology, and new plastic computer technology are being further developed and gradually put into production practice. The rapid development and improvement of a series of high and new technologies will certainly be used in oil and gas exploration and development. Play a huge role. [2]