What Is a Job Cost Sheet?

Cost statement Cost statement is an accounting statement used to reflect the composition of the company's production costs and product costs, as well as their fluctuations, in order to evaluate the implementation results of various expenses and production cost plans. It is an important part of the accounting statement system. The capital consumption of the cost statement, the cost of the product and its fluctuations are used to evaluate the implementation results of the cost plan. Product cost, as a comprehensive indicator reflecting the production and operation activities of an enterprise, is an important measure of the level of enterprise management.

Cost statement

In essence, the cost report is a report of internal cost management of an enterprise.

The general methods of cost statement analysis are as follows:

Overall cost statement analysis

The overall analysis methods of cost statements include: horizontal analysis method, vertical analysis method and trend analysis method.

The horizontal analysis method is to comprehensively and comprehensively compare the information that reflects the cost of the company during the reporting period (especially the cost statement information) and the information that reflects the cost status of the company in the previous period or history, and study the development and change of the business performance or cost status A cost analysis method.

The vertical analysis method is a cost analysis method that reflects the relationship between the items in the report and the population and their changes by calculating the proportion or structure of each item in the cost report.

The trend analysis method is a cost analysis method that uses the index or the completion rate calculation to determine the changes and trends of the relevant items in the analysis period based on the analysis data of the enterprise for several consecutive years or periods.

Analysis of cost report indicators

The index analysis method mainly includes comparative analysis method and ratio analysis method.

Comparative analysis

The comparative analysis method is an analysis method that reveals the difference between the actual number and the base number by comparing the actual number with the base number, so as to understand the achievements and problems of economic activities.

The comparative analysis method is suitable for quantitative comparison of homogeneous indicators. With this method of analysis, attention should be paid to the comparability of the comparison indicators. Comparable common foundations include economic content, calculation methods, calculation periods, and objective conditions for the formation of impact indicators. If the indicators are not comparable, they should be adjusted according to comparable calibers, and then compared. This method has the following comparison forms:

(1) Compare the actual cost index with the plan or quota index to analyze the completion of the cost plan or quota.

(2) Compare the actual cost index of this period with the actual cost index of the previous period (the previous period, the same period of the previous year or the best historical level), and observe the changes and trends of the enterprise cost index.

(3) Comparing the actual cost indicator (or a certain technical and economic indicator) of this enterprise with the advanced indicators of the same industry at home and abroad, it can find a gap in a wider range and promote the improvement of business management.

2. Ratio analysis method

The ratio analysis method is an analysis method that examines the relative benefits of economic activities of an enterprise by calculating the ratio between indicators. The ratio analysis method mainly includes the related indicator ratio analysis method, the composition ratio analysis method and the dynamic ratio analysis method.

The related indicator ratio is a ratio obtained by comparing two related indicators with different properties. Such as output value cost rate, cost profit rate and so on.

The composition ratio is the proportion of each component of an economic indicator to the total. Such as the ratio of each cost item to the total cost.

The dynamic ratio is a ratio obtained by comparing similar indicators in different periods to analyze the rate of increase and decrease and the trend of change. Such as fixed base ratio and ring ratio.

Fixed base ratio = Amount of indicator in analysis period / Amount of indicator in fixed period

MoM ratio = Amount of indicators in the analysis period / Amount of indicators in the previous period