What Is a Multiple Intelligences Test?

The traditional theory of intelligence holds that human cognition is unitary, and individual intelligence is single and quantifiable. The structure of intelligence, published by American educator and psychologist Howard Gardner in 1983, The book states that "intelligence is the ability of an individual to solve a real problem or to produce and create an effective product under the value standards of a certain social or cultural environment or cultural environment." Everyone has at least linguistic intelligence, logical and mathematical intelligence, musical intelligence, spatial intelligence, physical motor intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, and introspective intelligence. Later, Gardner added natural intelligence ^[1] . This theory is called Multiple Intelligences. ^[2]

Early 20th Century,

Gardner believes that the basic nature of intelligence is pluralism-not a capability but a group of capabilities, and its basic structure is also pluralistic-various capabilities do not exist in an integrated form but in a relatively independent form. The modern society is an era in which various talents are needed, which requires that education must promote the comprehensive development of everyone's various intelligences, so that personality can be fully developed and perfected. Gardner believes that human intelligence can be divided into at least the following eight categories: ^[3]

From measurement content

Extensive measurement of intelligence of different contents.

From measuring tools

Use different standards to evaluate and measure individuals' different intelligences in real-life situations.

From measurement and evaluation materials

Emphasize the appropriateness of the material.

Which analysis materials are suitable for analysis from two aspects

Whether the subjects are familiar with the materials tested.

Whether the subjects are interested in the materials.

From the measurement context

It is recommended to evaluate from the actual process, and adjust the process through the evaluation and test results, so as to achieve the role of using the evaluation and testing to promote the process. Take the teaching evaluation of teachers as an example. Generally, the teaching evaluation of teachers starts after the completion of all courses, and the students evaluate the teachers. However, in the content of the evaluation, the teachers' deficiencies in teaching activities have been teaching. As reflected in the activities, the deficiencies in the assessment at this time cannot be changed, so the teaching content affected by the deficiencies cannot be changed. Under the influence of multiple intelligence theory, correct and effective teaching evaluation should be carried out in stages during the teaching process. In this way, the deficiencies of the teacher in the previous teaching stage can be effectively pointed out so that the next stage can be improved without Let deficiencies affect the entire teaching activity.

From measurement purpose

The results of testing and evaluation should be clearly defined, focusing on finding positive aspects and negative aspects. Taking the exam as an example, in reality, the exam is considered by the society as a way to check for defects, and to focus on the shortcomings of candidates. But in this case, it is easy for us to ignore the blow to the candidates' self-confidence. Therefore, under the guidance of the theory of multiple intelligences, the purpose of the test is no longer to focus on discovering the shortcomings of the candidates, but to focus on discovering the advantages of the candidates, thereby improving the self-confidence of the candidates.

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences has had a wide range of positive effects in the current educational and teaching reform in the United States, and has become an important guiding ideology for educational and teaching reform in many western countries since the 1990s. It is said that hundreds of schools in the United States have called themselves multiple intelligence schools, and there are countless teachers who have adopted the theory of multiple intelligences to carry out educational and teaching reforms and have achieved significant results. Under the new situation of advancement, studying the theory of multiple intelligences as a new theory, new perspective and new thinking of education and teaching reform, and exploring the theory of multiple intelligences has important practical significance for us. ^[4]

A positive student outlook should be established

According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, each student's intelligence has its own characteristics and has its own unique form of expression, with its own type of learning and learning methods. As a result, Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences provides a new theoretical perspective for us to establish a positive and optimistic view of students-there should no longer be so-called "poor students" in our schools, only different intelligences Features, intellectual expressions, types of learning, learning methods and development directions can lead to the gathering of talents. This optimistic outlook on students requires us to educators: first, all students have eagerly desired talent, with full respect for each student's intellectual characteristics, so that our education truly become "Happy Education" and "successful education ". Secondly, the education and teaching of "the right medicine" for different students and different intellectual characteristics, that is, the teaching methods of teachers should not only be different according to different education and teaching objects, but also should be different according to different areas of education and teaching. . Third, the evaluation of students should be carried out from various aspects of intelligence, through multiple channels, in various forms, under a variety of different real life and learning situations, and use this as a basis to select and design appropriate teaching content and The teaching method makes our evaluation of the students indeed an effective means to promote the full development of each student.

Should focus on developing students' creative ability

According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, not only does real life require everyone to make full use of their seven intelligences to solve various practical problems, but social progress requires individuals to create material and spiritual products that society needs. The full development of this ability should be regarded as the proof of the full development of intelligence. In essence, the ability to solve practical problems is also a creative ability, because it is mainly the ability to comprehensively use multiple aspects of intelligence and knowledge to creatively solve new problems in real life, especially difficult problems. As a result, Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences provides a new theoretical basis for us to focus on cultivating students 'creative ability. The focus of our education and teaching content is positioned as the cultivation of students' written language skills and abstract logical skills. Can't continue, we should start by cultivating students 'practical ability, focusing on cultivating students' creative ability, that is, the ability to solve practical problems in real life, and the ability to create material and spiritual products that society needs. Focus on students' creative ability requires us to educators: first, fully aware of the importance of creativity and the ability to create early cultivation. Social progress will not occur automatically, and the future world needs us to create; personal values will not be reflected in rules and regulations, and a better life can only be realized in creation. And because children's brains are not restricted by clear rules and disciplines, and are not subject to objective and rational constraints, they are most likely to spark freely and creatively. Therefore, we should cultivate students' creativity early. Second, tap the creative factors in the content of education and teaching. In the organized education and teaching activities, excavate and increase the content of cultivating creative ability, and teach and learn creatively, so that the students' creative consciousness is constantly germinating and the creative ability is rapidly improved. Third, organize practical activities inside and outside the school, inside and outside the school, especially small inventions and small creative activities. Create as many opportunities as possible for students to participate widely in activities that create works, products, or other results, and truly cultivate students' creative ability.

Emphasis should be placed on ensuring the all-round development of students

According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, the field of human intelligence is multifaceted, and the intelligence that people need to solve practical problems is also multifaceted. Real life requires everyone to make full use of multiple intelligences to solve various practical problems. . From this, Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences provides us with a new fulcrum in theory to ensure the overall development of our students-we can no longer unilaterally show students some areas of intelligence in our school. The field of intelligence should be comprehensive, and it can ensure the comprehensive development of students in a real sense. Ensure all-round development of students requires us to educators: first, classroom teaching basic knowledge and basic concepts should involve multiple intelligence areas, from different angles, through a variety of activities to help students understand and learn in order to mobilize students and more Aspects of intellectual potential to improve the quality of teaching activities. Of course, specific to whether each teaching activity should involve a certain intellectual field and how to involve a certain intellectual field depends on whether the intellectual field can help students to understand concepts and grasp knowledge. Second, rethink and design extracurricular education and teaching activities. Our extracurricular education and teaching activities can be divided into different interest groups according to the different areas of intelligence or knowledge. The activities of different interest groups should be staggered as much as possible, so that the school's education and teaching activities can show students a variety of areas of intelligence. In a sense, it guarantees the all-round development of students.

Full display of students' special talents should be promoted

According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, each individual has a comparatively superior intellectual field. Some people show outstanding "musical geniuses", while others show extraordinary "mathematical geniuses." The full development of a body with different advantages in intelligence can fully display the individual's special talents, fully reflect the individuality, and ensure that the individual adapts to and stands in today's highly personalized era. As a result, Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences provides a new theoretical reference for us to promote the full display of students' special talents-human intelligence characteristics and performance are unbalanced, and our education and teaching should fully respect each student Field of intellectual strength, and strive to tap the huge potential of each student's special talents. Promoting students to the special requirements of our educators to demonstrate: first, in the design and organization of teaching activities, give full consideration to every student in the field of intellectual superiority, and make teaching and learning activities in teacher education purposeful, plan, Get the maximum development in the contact and use of relevant teaching materials. Second, pay attention to fostering and improving the self-confidence and self-esteem of students whose dominant areas of intelligence are not the focus of traditional school education such as Chinese and mathematics. Our teachers should appreciate and value a certain intellectual field of so-called "poor students" under traditional education, so that each student lives in the teacher's appreciation and respect, and thus cultivate the self-confidence and self-esteem of all students.

Should help students integrate the characteristics of the dominant intellectual domain

Migration to the field of weak intelligence According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, the field of superior intelligence and field of weak intelligence are relative. Each student has his own field of superior intelligence and field of weak intelligence, and everyone should fully demonstrate At the same time of owning the superior intellectual field, the characteristics of the superior intellectual field are transferred to the weak intellectual field, so that the weak intellectual field can develop as much as possible. As a result, Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences provides us with a theoretically new way of thinking to help students effectively develop their weak intellectual fields-fully recognizing, affirming and appreciating the students' superior intellectual fields and guiding and helping students to take advantage of themselves It is the responsibility and obligation of our educators to migrate the characteristics of the intellectual field to the weak intellectual field. Help students migrate characteristics of intelligence in the field of intellectual superiority to vulnerable areas requires us to educators: first, to help students discover the link between certain areas of their strengths and weaknesses intellectual intelligence field, and as an entry point for students The tasks that need to be overcome (fields of weak intelligence) are related to the activities that he is most interested in (fields of superior intelligence). Second, guide students to transfer their intellectual characteristics and will qualities to their weaker ones when they are engaged in activities in superior areas. Teachers can help students build self-confidence and self-esteem by affirming their achievements in the field of superior intelligence, and based on this, they can help students soberly recognize the characteristics of their intelligence and will when they engage in activities in the field of superior intelligence Such as lasting attention, proactive thinking and courage to overcome difficulties, etc., and then consciously guide students to transfer the intellectual characteristics and will qualities displayed in their activities in the field of superior intelligence to the field of weak intelligence.