What Is a Bid Proposal?

The bidding plan refers to the bidder's analysis of the technical, economic, and management characteristics of the bidding project, as well as the function, scale, quality, price, progress, and service requirements of the bidding project, in order to effectively implement the bidding of engineering, goods and services. According to relevant laws and regulations, technical standards and market competition conditions, the overall planning for the implementation of a bidding organization (ie, bidding projects). The bidding plan is the necessary foundation and main basis for the scientific, standardized and effective organization and implementation of bidding and procurement.

Bidding Scheme

(1) Select the appropriate bidding organization

Before preparing the bidding plan, the bid inviting party shall first select a suitable bidding organization form according to law. There are two types of bidding organizations: self-bid and entrusted bidding. Organizing bidding and bidding activities is a job with relatively high professional and technical requirements.

Choosing the right form of bidding organization is the prerequisite for the successful organization and implementation of bidding and procurement. The bid inviting party shall have the ability to prepare bidding documents and organize bid evaluation; if it does not have the conditions for inviting bids, it shall entrust a bidding agency with corresponding professional qualifications to conduct the bid invitation.

Self-inviting bids are limited by the tenderer's legal, technical professional level, and sense of impartiality, and may affect the standardization and effectiveness of the bidding work. Therefore, even if the bidder has a certain ability to bid on its own, priority should be given to the use of commissioned bidding.

(2) Analysis of the basic characteristics and requirements of the project

Before preparing the bidding plan, you should consult the relevant documents and materials for project approval, and understand the basic situation of the project, including: project name, project bidder, main functional purpose of the project, project investment nature, scale standard, technical performance, quality standard, Demand characteristics such as implementation plan and target control requirements. In addition, you should also understand the progress and stage of the project, such as decision-making research, planning design, project approval, etc., and determine the main content, scope, and bidding conditions of the bidding project according to law.

(3) Analysis of market supply and demand

The formulation of the bidding plan requires both research and mastering of the technical characteristics and needs of the project, as well as investigation and analysis of market supply and demand conditions. Market research methods such as internet, books, historical data of completed similar projects, and field surveys can be used to understand the potential of participating in bidding projects. Relevant information such as the number of potential bidders, qualifications, equipment, similar performance, technical expertise, etc., analyzes and predicts the size and number of potential bidders who are interested, and the quotation of bids. Division, setting of bidder qualification conditions, selection of bid evaluation standards and methods, etc. provide the basis.

(4) Implement the tender conditions

According to the "Tendering and Bidding Law" and related regulations, if the bidding project needs to perform project approval, approval and filing procedures in accordance with relevant state regulations, it shall first perform the relevant procedures. The bid inviting party shall ensure that the corresponding funds or funding sources of the bidding project have been implemented.

1) Basic conditions for the implementation of tenders for various projects. Project bidding should meet the following basic conditions:

The bidder has been established according to law;

For projects that are required to be tendered according to law for the approval and approval of the project, the tenderer shall first perform the project approval and approval, as well as the approval and approval procedures for the scope of bidding, the method of bidding and the organization of bidding;

Project funds or funding sources have been implemented. The bid inviting party shall have implemented the corresponding funds or source of funds for the bidding project, and truthfully stated the nature and implementation of the funds in the bidding documents, so that the bidders can make bidding decisions based on their own conditions and needs. Among them, the source of funds has been implemented means that although the funds are not in place, the source of the funds has been determined. For example, the bank has promised a loan and signed a loan agreement.

Franchise financing, land use right transfer, property right transfer and other bidding projects that do not require the bidder to pay project funds, do not need to have the funding requirements.

2) The special conditions for bidding for various types of projects that must be bid according to law are as follows:

Conditions for financing tenders for franchise projects. Taking the bidding for the financing of a new infrastructure concession project as an example, the bidding should meet the following main conditions:

A. The bidder has been determined. Most of them are the infrastructure authority in charge of the project location or the project franchise implementation organization set up by them, and a few of the bidders for the project are state-owned asset investment management companies;

B. The project implementation plan has been approved by relevant government departments. The project implementation plan is equivalent to the project proposal, including project construction scale, standards and schedules, project financing methods, project franchise areas and geographical scope, franchise service standards, scale and operating period, risk sharing principles, land, environmental protection, Tax policy, etc.

Engineering survey and design projects. The basic data necessary for survey and design have been collected.

Project construction supervision project. According to the stage of bidding for construction supervision, there should be engineering feasibility study report or project implementation scheme design respectively, and the construction drawing design has been completed at the latest.

Engineering design and construction general contracting project. According to different initial stages and general contracting methods, there should be engineering feasibility study reports or preliminary engineering designs or implementation engineering scheme designs, respectively. Relevant projects, city planning, construction land, environmental assessment, and total investment are subject to review, approval, or filing by relevant government departments.

Engineering construction project. According to the management requirements of different industries and the different stages of engineering construction bidding, there should be preliminary engineering design or engineering bidding design or engineering construction drawing design of the bidding project, and at least the subsequent engineering design can meet the needs of continuous construction of the project. Related technical standards, The specifications have been prepared; related project approval, planning, land use, environmental assessment, total investment, etc. have been reviewed, approved or filed by relevant government departments; land demolition, site formation, road traffic,

Engineering construction project bidding scheme

Engineering Construction Project Background

It mainly introduces the basic information such as the name, purpose, construction address, project owner, source of funds, scale, standards, main functions, etc. of the construction project, and the relevant basis for investment approval, planning permission, survey and design and related approval procedures of the construction project. Various tender conditions that are available or pending.

Project bidding scope, bidding division and bidding qualification

1) The scope of project bidding content and the division of bidding sections. Engineering bidding refers to engineering construction bidding or engineering general contracting bidding, including engineering design and construction. This section mainly introduces engineering construction bidding. First, according to the law and relevant regulations, determine the content and scope of the construction of the project that must be tendered, including: preparation of the construction site, civil engineering and equipment installation.

Scope of project bidding content

A. Project construction site preparation. Refers to the site construction conditions that must be provided for the project construction, including access, water, electricity, communication, and even ventilation and heat, as well as the leveling of the construction site and the construction of various construction and living facilities;

B. Civil engineering works. Refers to permanent civil engineering works such as housing, municipal administration, transportation, water conservancy and hydropower, railways, including earthwork, foundation engineering, concrete engineering, metal structure engineering, decoration engineering, road engineering, structure engineering, etc .;

C. Equipment installation works. Including mechanical, chemical, metallurgical, electrical, automation instrumentation, water supply and drainage equipment and pipeline installation, computer network, communications, fire protection, audio-visual system and detection, monitoring system installation.

The content and scope of bidding for construction shall accurately describe the number and boundary of construction projects, work content, and construction boundary conditions. Among them, the boundary conditions of construction include geographical boundary conditions and the division of labor, connection, coordination and cooperation with the surrounding project contractors.

Division of bidding for project construction

Project construction bidding should be based on factors such as the project management contracting model, project design progress, project construction organization planning and various external conditions, project schedule and duration requirements, technical management relevance between individual projects, and the status of bid competition. Comprehensive analysis and study of the division of bidding sections, combined with the technical management characteristics of bidding sections and the requirements for setting qualification criteria for prequalification of bid qualifications, and the space in which bidders can select bidding sections. The bidding section is divided into the following relevant factors:

A. Laws and regulations. The Tendering and Tendering Law and the Regulations on Tendering Scope and Scale Standards for Engineering Construction Projects clearly define the scope, scale standards, and division of tenders for projects that must be tendered. This is the legal basis for determining the scope of tendering and division of tenders. The person shall reasonably and reasonably determine the content of the project bidding and the scale of the bidding section in accordance with the law, and shall not circumvent the bidding by subdividing the bidding section and turning it into zero.

B. Engineering contract management mode. The project contracting model adopts general contracting contracts and multiple parallel contracting contracts have very different requirements for the division of bidding sections. Adopting the general contracting mode of the project, the bidder expects to give most of the construction work to the general contractor, and hopes that the competent general contractor will bid. At the same time, the general contractor also expects that the scale of the contracted project is large enough, otherwise it will not arouse its interest in bidding. Therefore, the general contracting method is generally for large-scale projects, otherwise the significance of general contracting will be lost. The multiple parallel contracting mode is to divide an engineering construction project into a number of bidding sections that can be independently and parallelly constructed, and each contract is awarded to several contractors, and the responsibility and risk of engineering construction are dispersed. However, the workload of coordination and management of engineering construction has increased.

C. Engineering management. The number of bidding projects divided into bidding projects and the determination of the bidding scale are related to the bidder's engineering management strength. The number and size of the bidding segments determine the number, size and coordination of the bidder's need to manage the contract, which requires the bidder's project management agency to set up and manage the number, quality, and working capacity of the staff. If the project management agency proposed by the bidder is more streamlined or has insufficient management strength, it is not appropriate to divide too many tenders.

D. Competitive landscape. The size and number of bidding sections of a project are related to the size and qualification level of the contractor that the tenderer expects to introduce. Except for contractors with special qualifications for general contracting, the scope and scale of works that can be undertaken by construction contractors depend on Its engineering contracting qualification category, grade and amount of registered capital. At the same time, the large scale of the project bidding section will inevitably reduce the number of bidding contractors, which will affect the effect of bidding competition.

E. Technical level. There are three basic factors to consider the division of bids from a technical perspective:

a. Engineering and Technology Relevance. For parts that are closely related in engineering technology and technological processes, construction cannot be organized separately, and it is not suitable to be divided into two or more contractors to complete;

b. Relevance of engineering measurement. Some engineering parts or divisions and sub-items, although they can be distinguished in terms of technology and process, are not easy to distinguish in terms of quantity measurement, and such engineering parts are not suitable to be divided into different bidding sections;

c. The relevance of the work interface. The division of bids must consider the site capacity of each bidding area and its dividing line, and whether the construction interface can accommodate the arrangement of the two contractors' machinery and facilities and their simultaneous construction, or which contractor is more suitable for construction. If it is not considered properly, it may restrict or affect the construction quality and duration.

F. Duration and scale. The total duration of the project and its tight schedule will also have a great impact on the division of bidding sections. The scale of the bidding section is small, the number of bidding sections is large, the number of contractors entering the site is easy, and it is easy to concentrate resources. Multiple sites will go hand in hand to catch up with the construction period, but the contractor needs to have corresponding management measures and sufficient and timely financial guarantee. Although the division of multiple bidding sections can introduce multiple contractors to enter the site, the bidding section may be small in size and cannot achieve the benefits of scale, which is not conducive to attracting large construction enterprises to bid, and it is not conducive to the use of the efficiency of special large-scale construction equipment. , Thereby increasing the cost of the project and easily lead to subcontracting and subcontracting.

2) Bid qualification requirements. The bidder's qualifications and performance standards will be preliminarily formulated in accordance with the professionalism, scale, scope of the bidding project and its bidding section, and the construction company's qualification management regulations related to the contracting method (see Chapter 5 for details).

Project Tendering Sequence

Before bidding for the construction of the project, the project management, engineering design, supervision or equipment supervision of the corresponding project shall be arranged for bidding first, so as to lay down the organizational conditions for the management of the construction project. The order of project bidding shall be arranged in accordance with the order of project design, construction progress and other conditions, as well as the technical management relevance of each individual project.

The order of project bidding shall be determined according to the overall progress of the project construction. Generally it is: construction preparation works ahead, main works are behind; key works that restrict construction period are ahead, auxiliary works are behind; civil works are ahead, and equipment installation is behind; structure works are ahead, decoration works are behind; restrictions on subsequent works Previously, immediately before the project; engineering construction is ahead, engineering goods procurement is behind, but some major equipment procurement should be invited before the project construction in order to determine the technical parameters of the project design or construction accordingly. The actual order of project bidding shall be determined according to the characteristics, conditions and needs of the project construction.

Project quality, cost, schedule requirements

Tendering personnel must comprehensively and correctly analyze and grasp the functions, characteristics and conditions of the construction project of the bidding project, and set scientifically and reasonably the quality of the construction project in accordance with relevant regulations, standards, specifications, project approval and design documents, and the overall requirements of the implementation plan. Cost, schedule and safety, environmental management requirements. This is the main content for the preparation and implementation of the bidding plan, as well as the main basis for setting and selecting the bidding qualification conditions, bid evaluation methods, bid evaluation factors and standards, contract terms and other related content of engineering bidding. Among them, the three major control objectives of the quality, cost and schedule of the construction project are interdependent and mutually constrained: the project progress will be accelerated, and the project investment will increase, but the project's early commissioning can achieve investment benefits in advance; at the same time, the project progress Speeding up may also affect project quality; raising project quality standards and adopting strict control measures may also affect project progress and increase project investment. Therefore, the bid inviting party should reasonably handle the relationship between the three major demand objectives according to the characteristics and conditions of the project, and improve the overall efficiency of the project construction.

1) Project quality requirements. The quality of the bidding construction project must be based on the functional requirements of the bidder, and meet the requirements for applicability, safety, economy, reliability, and environmental coordination of the project. Must comply with relevant national laws and regulations, design, construction quality and acceptance standards and specifications.

2) Project cost control objectives. The construction cost of the bidding project is usually based on the investment limit of the construction project introduced in 4.1.1 (8) of this textbook, and the reference bid price or the bidding control price (the highest control price of the bidding price) of the construction project is determined as the control target. The engineering reference base is based on the consistent contracting scope and quantity list of the construction project, and generally refers to the average consumption of the engineering quota and the average market price of labor, materials and machinery, combined with the conventional construction organization design.

3) Project progress requirements. The bid inviting party should clearly set out the target requirements for the construction progress of the bidding project, including the total construction period, in the bidding documents in accordance with the requirements of the overall progress plan of the construction project, the scope and stage of project contracting, the schedule and related conditions of the project design and possible changes , Start date, stage target period, completion date, and work plan for each stage.

Project bidding methods and methods

According to the characteristics and needs of the bidding project, choose open or inviting bidding methods according to law; choose domestic bidding or international bidding; choose appropriate bidding methods and means, including: traditional paper bidding or electronic bidding, one-stage bidding or two-stage bidding , Framework agreement bidding, etc.

Project Outsourcing Mode and Contract Type

1) Packet sending mode. According to the characteristics of the bidding project and the needs of the bidder, two types of contracting methods are selected according to the scope of the contractor's obligations: the construction contracting method and the design-construction integration contracting method.

2) Contract type. According to the characteristics of the bidding project and the pricing method adopted by the bidder, the types of contracts are generally fixed price contracts, fixed unit price contracts, adjustable price contracts (including adjustable unit price and total price), and cost plus compensation contracts.

(7) Goals and plans for project bidding

Project bidding goals and plans should be based on the characteristics of the bidding project and the needs of the bidder, the construction process, the overall schedule of the project and the necessary sequence of bidding, including the professional and normative requirements of the bidding work, and the content of the work at each stage of the bidding. Target requirements such as working hours and completion dates. The bidding schedule shall pay special attention to the mandatory requirements of laws and regulations on certain working hours.

The bidding work plan is an integral part of the project bidding plan. However, due to the need to formulate the entire project implementation plan for large-scale construction projects, often before the formulation of a single project bidding plan, a classification and staged bidding plan for the entire construction project has been formulated. Small and medium-sized projects only need to prepare a work plan for a single project bidding plan.

(8) Breakdown of project bidding

The project bidding work decomposition is to decompose the entire bidding task, content, work goals and job responsibilities. ^[1] According to the basic bidding procedures and work requirements, according to the job responsibilities, human resources, equipment conditions and mutual relationships of the bidders, Clearly implemented.

(9) Measures for the implementation of the project bidding plan

In order to effectively implement the project bidding plan and achieve the project bidding work goals and plans, it is necessary to study and adopt corresponding organizational management and technical guarantee measures in accordance with the characteristics and needs of the project bidding work.

The general contracting bidding scheme of a project can be combined with the type characteristics and content scope of the general contracting, grasp the fundamental requirements of close integration of design and construction, and make corresponding adjustments with reference to the project construction bidding scheme. ^[2]