What are breast cancer markers?

breast cancer markers are substances, usually proteins or hormones that are produced by the body in response to the tumor or the tumor itself. They are found in blood, urine or tissues or tumor tissue. Different markers indicate different phases of tumor progression and tumor growth and can be used to conduct diagnosis and treatment and predict prognosis. If there are any suspicious features, a biopsy is performed before testing for tumor markers of breast cancer. The tests themselves are not enough because the proteins and hormones they detect are sometimes produced in the body by other conditions.

Before starting treatment of breast cancer, a tumor marker test is performed to determine the basic level of the default line to determine the basic levels to compare later results. Although it is not tumor marker tests as such, estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors are measured to determine the type of cancer. Then the presence of a human epidural growth fact is determinedARU 2, because it is a protein that is present in almost half of patients who have breast cancer.

In order to create a type of breast cancer and the best possible course of treatment, the first marker test is likely to be an activator of the plasminogen of the uroracinase and the inhibitor of the Plasminogen activator. Uricinase is an enzyme that is present in blood plasma and urine produced normally by the kidneys, but can also be produced tumors. This is a prognostic test, as high levels of plasminogen activator of the uroidal and inhibitor of the Plasminogen activator usually mean that cancer has become more aggressive.

Breast cancer tumor testing depends on different stages of cancer. Some markers of breast cancer, such as carcinoembryonic antigen, cancer antigen 27.29 and cancer antigen 15-3, testify to breast cancer that was metastasized. Oncotype DX is a genetic test thatIt helps to determine the likelihood of breast cancer. The KI-67 leveling index is another indication of how fast the cancer cells are prolonged and thus aggressive cancer. This tumor marker test measures the activity of the KI-67 antigen, a nuclear protein that is present during active cellular phases, but is missing in rest cells.

Lowering the levels of tumor markers compared to the baseline is a good indication that cancer responds to treatment and levels usually means that therapy needs to be changed. At the end of the treatment phase or during any monitoring treatment, tests for breast cancer markers may be required to monitor any recurrence. Subsequent visits are resorting four to six months.