What Are Immunostimulants?

Immunostimulants are a new fish medicine that activates non-specific immunity and enhances the body's immune response. It is characterized by obvious effects, small side effects and no residue. The currently used immunostimulants are mainly chemical agents, microbial derivatives, dextran, animal and plant extracts and vitamins. In general, immune stimulants can effectively reduce the prevalence of aquatic animals and promote body growth. But immunostimulants also have their own shortcomings, such as short duration of action. Therefore, in the use of immune stimulants under the comprehensive consideration of multiple factors such as type, dosage, method, etc., to effectively apply it to serve the aquaculture industry.

Immunostimulant

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Immunostimulants are a kind of

Animal immune system refers to the defense system that the body recognizes and eliminates "foreign bodies". Its main functions are defense, self-stabilization, and immune supervision. The role of the immune system can be divided into two categories: non-specific immunity and specific immunity. In animal phylogeny, non-specific immunity is earlier than specific immunity, so fish can be considered to rely on non-specific immunity than higher vertebrates (Qian Yunxia et al., 2003); crustaceans and molluscs belonging to invertebrates are lacking. Specific immune humoral immune factors-immunoglobulins, they mainly remove the invasion of germs and foreign bodies through physical barriers, phagocytosis, lysolysis and agglutination. The mechanism of immune stimulants acting on non-specific immunity and specific immunity is multi-faceted. According to the reported literature, the mechanism is roughly reflected as: activating phagocytic cells in hemolymph and improving their ability to swallow pathogens; stimulating hemolymph The production of antibacterial lysozyme activity; activate the phenol oxidase system to generate recognition signals and mediate phagocytosis; at the same time, it can activate the phagocytosis of neutrophils and leukocytes, stimulate the production of lymphocytes or secrete lymphokines, and coordinate cells Immune and humoral immunity; induce antibody production and complement production, etc.

Chemical synthesis agents: levamisole, Freund's complete adjuvant (FAC)

Microbial derivatives: peptidoglycan (PG), lipopolysaccharide (LSP)

Biological extracts: dextran, chitin (chitin), Chinese medicine extract, etc.