What Factors Affect Social Development in Middle Childhood?

In 2011, the State Council promulgated the Outline for the Development of Chinese Children (2011-2020) (hereinafter referred to as the "Outline"), which proposed the main goals and strategic measures for child development in four areas: child health, education, legal protection and the environment. In the past ten years, the state has accelerated the improvement of the legal system for the protection of children's rights, strengthened government responsibilities, and continuously improved the legal and scientific level of children's work. The environment and conditions for the survival, protection, and development of children in China have been significantly improved, and children's rights have been further protected. Great achievements have been made in child development. As of 2010, the main goals set in the "Outline" have basically been achieved. Children's health and nutritional status continued to improve. Infant and under-5 mortality rates decreased from 32.2 , 39.7 to 13.1 , and 16.4 in 2000, and maternal mortality rates fell from 53.0 / 100,000 in 2000 to 30.0 / 100,000, the vaccination rate included in the national immunization plan reached more than 90%. The popularity of children's education has continued to increase, and the gross enrollment (class) rate in preschool education has increased from 35.0% in 2000 to 56.6%. The net enrollment rate for primary school-age children has reached 99.7%, and the gross enrollment rates for junior high school and high school have reached 100.1% and 82.5%. Orphans, children from poor families, children with disabilities, street children, children affected by AIDS and other vulnerable children receive more care and assistance.

Outline of China's Child Development (2011-2020)

In 2011, the State Council promulgated the Outline for the Development of Chinese Children (2011-2020) (hereinafter referred to as the "Outline"), which proposed the main goals and strategic measures for child development in four areas: child health, education, legal protection and the environment. In the past ten years, the state has accelerated the improvement of the legal system for the protection of children's rights, strengthened government responsibilities, and continuously improved the legal and scientific level of children's work. The environment and conditions for the survival, protection, and development of children in China have been significantly improved, and children's rights have been further protected. Great achievements have been made in child development. As of 2010, the main goals set in the "Outline" have basically been achieved. Children's health and nutritional status continued to improve. Infant and under-5 mortality rates decreased from 32.2 , 39.7 to 13.1 , and 16.4 in 2000, and maternal mortality rates fell from 53.0 / 100,000 in 2000 to 30.0 / 100,000, the vaccination rate included in the national immunization plan reached more than 90%. The popularity of children's education has continued to increase, and the gross enrollment (class) rate in preschool education has increased from 35.0% in 2000 to 56.6%. The net enrollment rate for primary school-age children has reached 99.7%, and the gross enrollment rates for junior high school and high school have reached 100.1% and 82.5%. Orphans, children from poor families, children with disabilities, street children, children affected by AIDS and other vulnerable children receive more care and assistance.

Book title

Outline of China's Child Development (2011-2020)

Author

State Council

Category

education

Publishing house

State Council

date of publish

year 2011

Childhood is a crucial period in life development. Providing children with the necessary opportunities and conditions for survival, development, protection and participation, maximizing the development needs of children, and developing and exploiting children's potential will lay an important foundation for children's development throughout their lives.

Children are the future of mankind and an important resource for the sustainable development of society. Children's development is an important part of the country's economic and social development and civilized progress. Promoting children's development is of great strategic significance for comprehensively improving the quality of the Chinese nation and building a country with strong human resources.

Affected by socio-economic, cultural and other factors, children's development and protection of rights still face many problems and challenges. The priority consciousness of children in the whole society needs to be further strengthened, and the working mechanism of children needs to be further improved. The development of children in urban and rural areas is uneven, and the overall level of development of children in poverty-stricken areas is low; the incidence of birth defects has risen, and the sex ratio of the birth population is high; the lack of public resources for preschool education and the low penetration rate; There is a large gap between urban and rural areas and regions; the assistance of children from poor families, orphans, abandoned babies, disabled children, and street children urgently needs institutional guarantees; the problems of children brought about by population migration have not yet been effectively resolved; and there are still disadvantages in the social and cultural environment Negative factors of children's healthy growth and so on. To further solve the outstanding problems faced by children's development and promote their comprehensive development and protection of their rights will remain a major task for children in the coming period.

The next ten years will be a crucial period for China to build a well-off society in an all-round way, and children's development faces unprecedented opportunities. Implementing the scientific concept of development will create a more favorable social environment for the healthy growth of children. The formulation and implementation of a new round of child development outline will lay a more solid foundation for promoting all-round human development and improving the overall quality of the Chinese nation.

In accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Juveniles, and the purposes of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, in accordance with the overall goals and requirements of national economic and social development and the actual situation of child development in China, this outline has been formulated.

Improve the basic medical and health system covering children in urban and rural areas, and improve the physical and mental health of children; promote the equalization of basic public education services to ensure that children enjoy higher-quality education; expand the scope of child welfare, and establish and improve a child welfare system that is inclusive; The level of social work for children's work will create a child-friendly social environment; improve the legal system and protection mechanisms for protecting children, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of children in accordance with the law.

Children and health

main target:

1. The incidence of severe multiple disability birth defects has gradually decreased, reducing the disability caused by birth defects.

2. Infant and under-5 mortality rates should be controlled below 10 and 13 , respectively. Reduce infant and under-5 mortality among migrants.

3. Reduce death and disability from child injuries. Injury mortality among children under the age of 18 has fallen by 1/6 from 2010.

4. Control common childhood diseases and major infectious diseases such as AIDS, syphilis, tuberculosis and hepatitis B.

5. The vaccination rate included in the national immunization plan reached over 95% in the township (town) unit.

6. The incidence of neonatal tetanus was reduced to less than 1 in counties.

7. The incidence of low birth weight is controlled below 4%.

The exclusive breastfeeding rate for infants from 8.0 to 6 months reaches more than 50%.

The prevalence of anemia in children under 9.5 years of age is controlled below 12%, and the prevalence of anemia in primary and middle school students has decreased by 1/3 from 2010.

The growth retardation rate of children under 10.5 years is controlled below 7%, and the low body weight rate is reduced below 5%.

11. Improve the compliance rate of "National Student Physical Health Standards" for elementary and middle school students. Control the incidence of poor vision, dental caries, overweight / obesity, and malnutrition in primary and middle school students.

12. Reduce the incidence of children's psychological behavior problems and the prevalence of children's mental illness.

13. Increase the rate of sexual and reproductive health knowledge among school-age children.

14. Reduce the harm of environmental pollution to children.

15. Develop early education for children aged 0-3 and strengthen children's potential development.

Strategic measures:

1. Increase funding for maternal and child health. Optimize the allocation of health resources, increase funding for maternal and child health in rural and remote areas, and promote equity and access to basic medical and health services for children.

2. Strengthen the construction of maternal and child health service system. Provinces, cities, and counties have set up a government-run and standardized maternal and child health institution. Strengthen the construction of maternal and child health service networks at the county, township and village levels, and improve the grassroots maternal and child health service system. Strengthen the construction of children's health care service network, set up pediatrics in general hospitals above the second level and maternal and child health centers above the county level, increase the number of children's hospitals, and standardize the construction of neonatal wards. Strengthen the construction of child health personnel and improve the capacity of child health services.

3. Strengthen child health services and management. Promote the standardized construction of children's health care departments, and provide services such as newborn health care, growth monitoring, nutrition and feeding guidance, early comprehensive development, and psychological behavioral development assessment and guidance. Gradually expand the content of child health services in the National Basic Public Health Service Project. The system management rate for children under 3 years of age and the health management rate for children under 7 years of age have reached 80%. Incorporate migrant children into the child health management system of the communities where they have flowed in, and improve the rate of child health management among migrants.

4. Improve the birth defect prevention system. Implement three-level prevention and control measures for birth defects, strengthen the promotion of premarital medical examination knowledge, standardize inspection items, improve service models, and increase the premarital medical examination rate. Strengthen reasonable nutrition and dietary guidance during pregnancy and childbirth. Establish and improve a prenatal diagnosis network to increase the rate of finding birth defects during pregnancy. Carry out

(1) Strengthen the organization and leadership of the implementation of the outline. The State Council and local women and children's working committees at all levels are responsible for the organization, coordination, guidance and supervision of the implementation of the outline. Relevant government departments, relevant institutions and social groups combine their respective responsibilities to undertake the implementation of the corresponding goals and tasks in the outline.

(2) Formulate local child development plans and departmental implementation plans. Local people's governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with this outline, formulate local child development plans based on actual conditions. The relevant departments of the State Council and local governments, relevant agencies and social groups combined their respective responsibilities, formulated implementation plans according to the division of tasks, and formed a national child development planning system.

(3) Strengthen the link between the outline and the national economic and social development plan. The principle of giving priority to children shall be reflected in the overall economic and social development plan, and the main indicators of child development shall be incorporated into the overall economic and social development plan and special plans, which shall be uniformly deployed, coordinated and arranged, implemented simultaneously, and developed simultaneously.

(4) Funds for guaranteeing children's development. Governments at all levels have incorporated the funds required for the implementation of the outline into their fiscal budgets, increased funding, and gradually increased with economic growth. Focus on supporting children's development in poor and minority areas. Mobilize social forces, raise funds through multiple channels, and support children's development.

(5) Establish and improve the working mechanism for implementing the outline. Establish a government-led, multi-department cooperation and whole society participation working mechanism, and work together to implement the outline. Establish a target management responsibility system, integrate the main objectives of the outline into the target management and evaluation system of relevant departments, institutions and social groups, and the results of the evaluation will be an important part of the comprehensive evaluation of the leadership team and relevant leaders. Improve the reporting system. All relevant departments report the implementation of the outline to the government's women's and children's work committees and higher authorities. Improve the conference system and regularly hold plenary meetings of women and children working committees at all levels to report and exchange progress on the implementation of the outline. Improve the monitoring and evaluation system, clarify monitoring and evaluation responsibilities, and strengthen monitoring and evaluation.

(6) Adhere to and innovate effective methods of implementing the outline. Conduct timely investigations and studies on the development of children and protection of rights and interests, grasp new situations, analyze new issues, and provide a basis for formulating relevant laws and policies. Strengthen theoretical research in the field of child development, and summarize and explore the laws of child development and child work. Carry out international exchanges and cooperation, and learn from advanced concepts and experiences that promote children's development. Continue to innovate working methods, solve key and difficult issues by implementing projects and doing practical things for children; through classification guidance, demonstration first, summarize and promote experience, and promote the implementation of the outline.

(7) Increase publicity on the implementation outline. Multi-channel and multi-form publicity for the content of the outline and the typical experience and effectiveness of the implementation of the outline for leading cadres at all levels, child workers, children, and the whole society; promote laws and policies and international conventions that promote child protection and development; Social atmosphere for survival, protection, development and participation.

(8) Strengthen the capacity building of the implementation outline. Incorporate relevant content of children's priority principle, relevant laws, regulations and policies into the training courses of administrative schools at all levels. The knowledge required for the implementation of the outline will be incorporated into the training plan, and multi-level and multi-form trainings will be organized to enhance the government's and relevant departments, institutions 'relevant personnel, and relevant professional workers' awareness of the responsibility and ability to implement the outline.

(9) Encourage children to participate in the implementation of the outline. Children are both beneficiaries and participants in the implementation of the outline. The implementation outline should listen to the opinions and suggestions of children. Improve children's awareness and ability to participate in the implementation of the outline and achieve their own development.

"China Child Development Outline (2011-2020)" Interim Statistical Monitoring Report

(1) Annual monitoring, mid-term evaluation and final evaluation of the implementation of the outline. Collect, sort out and analyze relevant data and information that reflect the development status of children in a timely manner, and dynamically reflect the progress of the outline goals. On this basis, systematically analyze and evaluate the status of the outline goals, evaluate the efficiency, effectiveness, and effectiveness of the outline strategies and measures, and predict the development trend of children. Through monitoring and evaluation, accurately grasp the status of child development, formulate and adjust policies and measures to promote child development, promote the realization of the outline goals, and lay the foundation for planning future child development.

(2) The women and children working committees at all levels have established monitoring and evaluation leading groups, which are responsible for organizing and leading the monitoring and evaluation work, approving monitoring and evaluation plans, and reviewing monitoring and evaluation reports. The monitoring and evaluation leading group has a monitoring group and an evaluation group.

The monitoring team is led by statistical departments at all levels, and is responsible for the outline of the monitoring work and personnel training, research and formulate monitoring programs, collect, organize, analyze data and information, write and submit annual monitoring reports.

The evaluation team is led by the offices of the Women and Children's Work Committees at all levels, and is responsible for the guidance and training of personnel, formulating evaluation plans, organizing evaluations, writing and submitting evaluation reports, etc.

(3) Governments at all levels shall include the funds required for monitoring and evaluation work in their fiscal budgets. Governments at all levels and relevant departments carried out publicity in conjunction with the results of monitoring and evaluation, and researched and used the results of monitoring and evaluation to strengthen the implementation of the outline.

(4) Establish a comprehensive statistical system for child development, standardize and improve statistical indicators and gender-specific statistical indicators related to child survival and development, and incorporate them into national and departmental routine statistics and statistical surveys. Establish and improve the national, provincial and prefectural child development monitoring databases.

(5) Member units, related agencies and relevant departments of women and children working committees at all levels shall submit annual monitoring data to the statistical department at the same level, and submit mid-term and final evaluation reports to women and children working committees at the same level.