What is Elisa serum?
Immunosorbent-test serum enzyme associated with the enzyme (serum Elisa) is a method used to determine the amount of biological substance in the sample by relying on a specific interaction between antigen and antibody. Examples of biological substances that are interesting include antibodies produced in response to viral infection, such as an antibody against human immunodeficiency virus or hormone, which shows pregnancy such as human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), or autoimmune antibody such as rheumatotid factor. In general, there is a direct test that uses a specific antibody to detect the presence of antigen in the serum sample and an indirect test that uses antigen to determine the presence of antibodies in the serum sample.
In direct serum Elisa is a sample containing an unknown amount of antigen connected to an immobile surface such as a reaction tube or microtiter plate and is incubated with specific antibody, which is chemically associated with the enzyme. On the other hand, in indirect serum Elisa, the known antigen is connected to the immobile surface and is then incubated with a serum pattern that contains an unknown amount of antibody. The antigen-specific antibody in the serum sample is expected to be tightly bound to the immobilized antigen, while non-specific antibodies are removed in the following washing steps. In general, the immobile surface is treated with a second antibody that recognizes the non -warning area of all antibodies and is chemically associated with the enzyme. In both direct and indirect Elisa, the final step is to add an enzyme -specific substrate and start a reaction that creates a measurable signal that is directly proportional to the amount of antigen or antibodies present in the serum sample.
Elisa serum is a widely used test for several reasons. And most importantly, it is considered a reliable clinical test due to the specificity of the interaction of the antigen-festival and the sensitivity of this test allows detectionBiological substances at extremely low serum concentrations. It is designed to assess a large number of samples simultaneously, so it is often used in extensive operations such as screening samples of blood donor for the presence of HIV antibodies. In addition, the ELISA sets that measure commonly tested antibodies and antigens, commercially available for use in a clinical or research environment, and conveniently contain all the necessary agents to perform a complete experiment.
The growing area of the studio includes the application of ELISA technology in serum in cytokine detection. Cytokines are soluble protein molecules secreted by the immune system, which often participate in inflammatory processes; Cytokine levels are therefore informative in terms of chronic inflammation, such as heart disease, autoimmune disease and digestive disease. It is assumed that the assessment of cytokine levels can be able to distinguish between inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease andulcerative colitis, and eventually can be able to predict the result in heart disease and rheumatoid arthritis.