What is Blood Sugar?

Glucose in blood is called blood sugar (Glu). Glucose is an important component of the human body and an important source of energy. The normal human body needs a lot of sugar every day to provide energy and provide power for the normal operation of various tissues and organs. Therefore, blood glucose must be maintained at a certain level to maintain the needs of various organs and tissues in the body. The production and utilization of normal people's blood glucose is in a state of dynamic balance and maintained at a relatively stable level. This is because the source and the way of blood glucose are about the same. Sources of blood glucose include: food digestion and absorption; decomposition of glycogen stored in the liver; conversion of fat and protein. The way to blood glucose includes: oxidation to energy; conversion to glycogen and storage in the liver, kidney and muscle; conversion to other nutrients such as fat and protein for storage. The islets are the main organs that regulate blood glucose concentration in the body, and the liver stores liver glycogen. In addition, blood glucose levels are also regulated by nerve and endocrine hormones.

Basic Information

Chinese name

blood sugar

Foreign name

Blood glucose

Make up

Glucose, water

Babies and children

<40mg / dl (2.22mmol / L)

Nature

Glucose in the blood

Blood glucose principle

Glucose is catalyzed by glucose oxidase to oxidize to produce gluconic acid and release hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide releases oxygen in the presence of peroxidase and chromogenic receptors, which oxidizes protons to red quinones. At 505nm, the amount of quinone produced is directly proportional to the amount of glucose.

Clinical significance of blood glucose

Increase

(1) Physiological increase: 1 to 2 hours after a meal. After glucose injection, the adrenaline secretion increases when the mood is tense. After the adrenaline injection, the blood glucose will temporarily increase.

(2) Pathological increase: various diabetes, chronic pancreatitis, myocardial infarction, hyperthyroidism, hyperadrenal function, intracranial hemorrhage, etc.

2. lower

(1) Physiological decline: Commonly occurs after hunger, strenuous exercise, insulin injection, pregnancy, breastfeeding, and after taking hypoglycemic agents.

(2) Pathological decrease: It is common in islet cell tumors, abnormal glucose metabolism, severe liver disease, hypopituitarism, hypoadrenal function, hypothyroidism, chronic malnutrition, and insulin injection.

Reference range of normal blood glucose

Fasting: 3.92 to 6.16 mmol / L (oxidase method or hexokinase method). After meal: 5.1 ~ 7.0mmoi / L (oxidase method or hexokinase method)