What is cinchonism?
cinchonism, also known as Chinism, is a term for a number of symptoms of similar diseases that are the result of overdose with chinin, an alkaloid compound C 2 24 N 2 which are expressed for treatment, which are mainly expressed for treatment that comment on treatment, which are mainly treated for resistance to resistance. While cinchonism usually occurs from excess chinin considered either as a medicine or direct consumption of cinchon, it may also be caused by exposure to much smaller quantities of quinine during lengthy duration. The most common symptoms occurring from the dose of antimalarial drug or long -term chinin exposure include repeated headaches and nausea; tinnitus that produces a feeling like ringing in the ears; or more serious hearing disability including deafness. Among the rarercases of adverse effects of cinchonism are anaphylactoid shock; photophobia or sensitivity to light; And mental conditions such as dullness and confusion.
Two other possible exposure methods can lead to symptoms of cinchonism. Tonic water, which contains a small amount of quinine to give it a slightly bitter taste, can cause cinchonism or when using chinidine sulphate, drug used to treat heart conditions as ventricular arrhythmia. While tonic water with chinin is usually safe, drinking such water for a long time is theorized to lead to poor effects. Anti-arrhythmic drugs are subject to the same level of serious adverse effects of exposure that the use of chinin in antimalarial drugs is. However, drugs such as chinidid sulphate have their own additional list of possible side effects such as blurred vision, potential allergic reactions and yellowing of the skin.
Antimalarial drug dosing can also have a direct effect on how serious the symptoms of cinch are possibleonism. Standard therapeutic dose can cause nausea, hearing and vision problems and various mental states of restlessness. Although these symptoms are reversible and disappear with the end of the use of the drug, more serious side effects such as blindness, kidney failure and death on cardiotoxicity, with higher dosing may occur. Quinin may also have a tragic side effect in high doses causing congenital defects or abortion, which means that spontaneous abortion can take place in pregnant women who have treated as malaria treatment.
The safety of the antimalarial drug varies considerably depending on the patient's health and the dosage. In some cases, only one dose is necessary to cause adverse effects. One of the reasons is that Chinin causes some enzymes to become inactive in mammal cells that can have both positive and negative results. Reduces inflammation that makes antimalarial drugs useful for the treatment of arthritis, but can also cause the form of muscle disease in general kaTegorized as myopathy. Thanks to these multiple symptoms of cinchonism, doctors need to evaluate chinin giving in case of case and carefully monitor the patient in terms of possible side effects.