What Is Congenital Hypoplasia?

Lung congenital hypoplasia can be divided into three types according to the degree of its occurrence: one or two lungs are absent from the lung; the undeveloped bronchi primordium is a terminal blind sac, no pulmonary vessels and lungs are seen. Parenchymal; bronchial, vascular, and alveolar tissues are seen in lung hypoplasia but reduced in number and / or volume. Patients may be accompanied by pulmonary vascular and other malformations.

Causes of congenital pulmonary dysplasia

The main cause of congenital pulmonary dysplasia may be a decrease in the effective capacity of lung growth and development in the chest. The most common reason is that the diaphragm can not be closed on the side of the diaphragmatic hernia, and the abdominal organ hernia enters the chest cavity, which affects lung development.

Clinical manifestations of congenital pulmonary dysplasia

Serious cases die immediately after birth. The main manifestations are dyspnea, even respiratory distress, and long-term repeated respiratory infections. Physical examination shows the collapse of the thorax on the affected side, weakened activity, dullness on percussion, decreased or disappeared auscultation, and the patient may be accompanied by other clinical manifestations of congenital malformations. Such as renal insufficiency. Patients with mild disease may have no obvious clinical symptoms, only found during routine chest X-ray examination.

Congenital Lung Dysplasia

Laboratory inspection

Arterial blood gas analysis showed hypoxemia, while arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure was in the normal range.

2.Computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest

In particular, three-dimensional imaging scans can clearly show tracheo-bronchial malformations, angiography and color Doppler examination can help observe vascular (pulmonary arteriovenous, venous venous vein) malformations, thereby identifying other causes of atelectasis and bronchiectasis.

3.fiber bronchoscope

Examination helps to observe the bronchial lumen and obstruction.

4. Lung function test

Pulmonary function presents restricted ventilatory dysfunction, reduced lung compliance, and increased airway resistance.

Diagnosis of congenital pulmonary dysplasia

Diagnosis can be made based on the cause, clinical manifestations, and laboratory tests.

Treatment of congenital pulmonary dysplasia

Pneumonectomy is suitable for patients with unilateral pulmonary malformations. There have been recent reports of implanting tissue expanders to maintain thoracic volume and prevent further development of thoracic deformities and scoliosis, but the long-term effect is not clear. Recurrent respiratory infections often occur during the course of the disease, and precautions should be taken and treated in a timely manner.