Geography ( geography ) is a discipline that studies the spatial distribution rules, time evolution process, and regional characteristics of geographical elements or geographical complexes. It is the intersection of natural sciences and humanities, and has the characteristics of comprehensiveness, intersectivity, and regionality. With the development of geographic information technology and the change of research methods, geography in the new era is making a gorgeous turn to geographic science. The research theme emphasizes comprehensive research on terrestrial surface systems. The research paradigm has undergone coupling from geological knowledge description, pattern, and process. Transition to simulation and prediction of complex human-earth systems. [1]
[dì l xué]
Geography is an ancient and modern science. The word "geography" in Chinese was first seen in "
Universities with national key disciplines of first-level geography disciplines:
Geography is gradually formed in the process of studying the surface of the earth, and is constantly improving its theory, methods and means. It has the following characteristics.
Geography China
(1) Ancient geographers:
There are many ancient Chinese geographers, which are reflected in tourism, local history, architecture, surveying and mapping, and astronomy. For example: Tao Daoyuan, Shen Kuo, Xu Xiake, Zhang Heng, a party, Nangong said, Guo Shoujing, Pei Xiu, Xu Guangqi, Music History, Luo Hongxian, Jia Yan, Zhu Siben, Yan Mo, Wang Shixing, He Qiutao, Yan Ruyu, Gu Yanwu, Xu Jiyu, Yang Shoujing Yu Qin.
In addition, there are some characters that have played a significant role in the development of ancient geography, such as Zhang Jian s father and son, Ban Chao s father and son, Fa Xian (a monk in the Jin dynasty), Xuanzang (a monk in the Tang dynasty), and Zheng He.
(2) Modern geographers:
China's modern geography has developed rapidly, and a number of famous geographers have emerged. The 100 years of the 20th century are the 100 years of the transformation of Chinese geography from common sense to science; the 100 years of Chinese geography from the appearance of description to the deep understanding; also the integration of Chinese geography into national construction and economic development 100 years.
From 1985, the editorial department of the original "Geographical Knowledge" has opened a column entitled "Interview with Contemporary Chinese Geologists" to interview and record the old-fashioned geographers of China and their careers. In 2002, Xueyuan Publishing House compiled and published the Footprints of Modern Chinese Geologists (editor Liu Jiyuan). The book lists the life stories of older Chinese geographers, including:
Zhang Xiangwen, China's first geographer in the 20th century
The model of geography in ChinaProfessor Zhu Kezhen
On Zhu Kezhen's Road to SuccessTaking His Representative as an Example
The journey is full of joy-a natural geographer Professor Lin Chao
The Founder of China's Comprehensive Physical Geographical DivisionThe Road and Dedication of Academician Huang Bingwei
Third Charge-Interview with Population Geography Professor Hu Huanyong
After the snow, the pines are more vigorousInterviewing human geographer Professor Li Xudan
Love is full of mountains and seas-the story of Ren Meizhen , the academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Three First Classes Interview with Regional Geologist Professor Li Chunfen
Dedicated to Geographical Science and Theoretical ResearchInterview with Economic Geography Professor Cao Tingfan
Endless Practice and Exploration: Academician Zhou Lisan
Proficient in diligence-Interview with cartographer Professor Zeng Shiying
A New Chapter in the Study of the History of Chinese GeographyAn Interview with an Expert in the History of Geography
Pioneer of Modern Glaciology in ChinaInterviewing Glaciologist Academician Shi Yafeng
Leap from Evolutionary Geography to Historical GeographyAn Interview with Modern Historical Geographer Professor Shi Nianhai
FootprintInterview with Academician Hou Renzhi
Leader of the Cenozoic paleogeography in ChinaInterviewing paleogeologist Academician Zhou Tingru
Working Silently in GeographyRecording a Geography Professor Luo Kaifu
The search of a geographer-an interview with a remote sensing geographer
For the Take-off of Chinese Geography: Interview with Academician Wu Chuanjun
Lao Fu Fu Zhi is a Thousand MilesInterview with Historical Geologist, Academician Tan Qizhen
Contributing to the Development of Political Geography in China: An Interview with Political Geographer Professor Bao Juemin
Exploring Frontier Geography after TrekkingInterview with Frontier Geologist Yan Deyi
Going Back to the SourceInterview with Professor of Geography Theory and Practice
Mentors and Friends- Geomorphologist Wang Nailiang
Editors have a hard time talking-an interview with the famous geographer Professor Gao Yongyuan
From Scholar to Director: Interviewing Climatologist Professor Zuo Dakang
The forerunner of environmental science research in China: environmental scientist Professor Liu Peitong
Exploration in the field of swamp scienceInterview with swamp scientist Professor Huang Xichou
Willing to be the paving stone for the cause of desert science: a desert scientist, Professor Zhu Zhenda
Dedicated Warrior of Environmental ScienceInterviewing Environmentalist Academician Zhang Shen
Geography worldwide
Ferdinand Magellan (full name Ferdinand Magellan, Portuguese: Fernão de Magalhães; Spanish Fernando de Magallanes), he explored for the Spanish government. From 1519 to 1521, he led the fleet to cruise the earth for the first time and died in clan conflicts in the Philippines. Although he did not personally travel around the world, the sailors on his ship continued to sail west after his death and returned to Europe. The statement that the earth is round is confirmed.
Eratosthenes (276BC-194BC)-Calculate the size of the earth.
Ptolemy (c.90c.168)-Compilation of Greek and Roman knowledge into the work "Geographia".
Xuan Daoyuan (466-527)-Author of "Water Sutra", a Northern Wei geographer and essayist, one of the greatest geographers in Chinese history.
Shen Kuo (1031-1095)-Northern Song Dynasty scientist, geographer and author of "Mengxi Bi Tan".
Gerardus Mercator (1512-1594)-The innovative cartographer produced the Mercator projection.
Xu Xiake (1587-1641)-a famous traveler and geographer of the Ming Dynasty in China. His travel notes provide rich historical data on human geography and physical geography for future generations.
Alexander von Humboldt (17691859)-considered one of the fathers of modern geography, published Kosmos and founded a branch of geography.
Carl Ritter (1779-1859)-considered one of the fathers of modern geography. Secured the No. 1 spot at Humboldt University of Berlin.
Arnold Henry Guyot (1807-1884)-Renowned for his high knowledge of glacial structures, glacial movements, and especially rapid ice flow.
Felix Philipp Kanitz (1829-1904) Austro-Hungarian geographer, known for his geographical notes.
William Morris Davis (1850-1934)-Harvard University geographer, geomorphologist, meteorologist, and geologist, known as the United States Geography father. He is the developer of the cycle of erosion. Founder of the Association of American Geographers.
Paul Vidal de la Blache (1845-1918)-Founder of the French School of Geology and Political Science and proposes principles of human geography.
Sir McKind (1861-1947)-co-founder of the London School of Economics, and later helped found the Geographical Association, Reading University, and became the British Geographical Society President, author of The Geographical Pivot of History and Heartland theory.
Alfred Weber (1868-1958)-German economic geographer and professor at the University of Heidelberg, who proposed the economic geography theory with the least cost center.
Walter Kristal (1893-1969)-Human geographer and inventor of central theory.
William Gordon East (1902-1998)-a famous geographer and geographer at Cambridge University, UK, mainly studying political geography.
Darby (1909 ~) Darby, Sir Henry Clifford, British historical geographer. I have been studying the historical geography of the British region for a long time, and believe that the evolution of geographical landscape is one of the problems of historical geography research. Author of "Medieval Marshland", "English Historical Geography before 1800" and "New British Historical Geography" and so on.
Tolsten Hagerstrand (1916-2004)-Swedish geographer and professor at Lund University, famous for studying population migration and temporal and spatial distribution.
Yi-Fu Tuan (1930-)-Chinese American scholar, professor of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, develops Humanistic Geography as a discipline. He has many books on human nature beyond geography, among which "Evasionism", "Domination and Preference", "Boundless Fear" and "Separated World and Self" are more popular in China.
Roger Tomlinson (1933-)-British geographer and father of GIS. During the research studies of McGill University in Canada and University College London, he gradually proposed the concept of geographic information system. He later worked for the Canadian government and as an honorary lecturer at University College London.
Julian Wolpert (1933-)-Famous geopolitical scientist and urban planning expert, Professor of Princeton University.
David. David Harvey (1935-)-Marxist geography, author of "Theory of Space and Urban Geography", Professor of the University of Bristol, UK.
Alan Wilson (1939-)-a famous British mathematician, sociologist and geographer, known for his research on spatial analysis and geostatistics, former vice president of Leeds University, professor at University College London .
Michael F. Goodchild (1944-)-Distinguished Professor of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, Famous Geographic Information System Scholar, and In 2003, he was awarded the Founding Award of the Royal Geographical Society, the earliest person who systematically summarized geographic information systems. Director of NCGIA and chairman of the National Science Foundation's Social Behavior Advisory Committee.
Nigel Thrift (1949-)-initiator of non-representational theory, human geographer, and vice-chancellor of the University of Warwick.
Alan MacEachren (1952-)-Famous Geographic Information System Scholar and Computer Scholar, Visiting Professor at Stanford University, Lifelong Professor at The Pennsylvania State University-University Park, in Geography The field of data visualization is a member of internationally renowned experts, the American Computer Association, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, the Cartographic Society of the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States, and the National Academy of Sciences.
