What Is Liquid Glucose?

Glucose injection, the indications are: 1. supplement energy and body fluids; used for various reasons caused by inadequate eating or large body fluid loss (such as vomiting, diarrhea, etc.), total intravenous nutrition, starvation ketosis. 2. 2. Hypoglycemia; 3. Hyperkalemia; 4. 4. Hypertonic solution is used as tissue dehydrating agent; Preparation of peritoneal dialysate; 6. Drug thinner; 7. 7. intravenous glucose tolerance test; For the preparation of GIK (polarizing solution).

Glucose injection, the indications are: 1. supplement energy and body fluids; used for various reasons caused by inadequate eating or large body fluid loss (such as vomiting, diarrhea, etc.), total intravenous nutrition, starvation ketosis 2. 2. Hypoglycemia; 3. Hyperkalemia; 4. 4. Hypertonic solution is used as tissue dehydrating agent; Preparation of peritoneal dialysate; 6. Drug thinner; 7. 7. intravenous glucose tolerance test; For the preparation of GIK (polarizing solution).

Drug Name

Glucose injection

Drug type

Prescription medicines, essential medicines, medicines for medical workers' injuries

Use classification

Glucose and other

Glucose injection composition

Chemical name: D-(+)-glucopyranose-hydrate.
Chemical Structure:

Molecular formula: C ₆ H ₁₂ O ₆ H ₂ O
Molecular formula: 198.17
Excipients: water for injection

Glucose injection properties

This product is colorless or almost colorless clear liquid; sweet taste.

Glucose injection indications

1. Replenish energy and body fluids; used for various reasons, such as insufficient eating or large body fluid loss (such as vomiting, diarrhea, etc.), total intravenous nutrition, and starvation ketosis 2. 2. Hypoglycemia; 3. Hyperkalemia; 4. 4. Hypertonic solution is used as tissue dehydrating agent; Preparation of peritoneal dialysate; 6. Drug thinner; 7. 7. intravenous glucose tolerance test; For the preparation of GIK (polarizing solution).

Glucose injection specifications

(1) 20ml: 5g (2) 20ml: 10g (3) 100ml: 5g (4) 100ml: 10g (5) 250ml: 12.5g (6) 250ml: 25g (7) 500ml: 25g (8) 500ml: 50g ( 9) 500ml: 125g

Glucose injection dosage

1. When patients who are supplemented with heat energy have reduced or cannot eat due to some reasons, 25% glucose injection can be given intravenously and supplemented with body fluids. The amount of glucose is calculated based on the required thermal energy.
2. Total intravenous nutrition therapy glucose is the most important energy supply substance for this therapy. In non-protein thermal energy, the ratio of glucose to fat is 2: 1. The specific dosage depends on the clinical caloric needs. According to the needs of fluid replacement, glucose can be prepared at different concentrations of 25% to 50%. If necessary, insulin is added, and 1 unit of regular insulin is added every 5-10g of glucose. Because of the normal application of hypertonic glucose solution, it is more irritating to veins and requires infusion of fat emulsion, so large vein drip is generally used.
3 Hypoglycemia, in severe cases, a 20% to 40ml intravenous bolus of 50% glucose injection can be given first.
4 Hungry ketosis. In severe cases, 5% to 25% glucose injection is administered intravenously. 100g of glucose per day can basically control the condition.
5. Isotonic dehydration was given intravenously by 5% glucose injection.
6. Hyperkalemia with 10% to 25% injection, every 2 to 4g of glucose plus 1 unit of regular insulin infusion can reduce serum potassium concentration. However, this treatment only allows extracellular potassium ions to enter the cell, and the total potassium content in the body remains unchanged. If potassium elimination measures are not taken, hyperkalemia may still occur again.
7. Tissue dehydrated hypertonic solution (usually 50% glucose injection) is used for rapid intravenous injection of 20-50ml. But the effect is short-lived. Clinically, attention should be paid to preventing hyperglycemia, which is currently rarely used. When used to adjust the osmotic pressure of peritoneal dialysate, 20ml of 50% glucose injection, ie 10g glucose, can increase the osmotic pressure of 1L of peritoneal dialysate by 55mOsm / kgH ₂ O.

Glucose injection adverse reactions

1. Phlebitis occurs when a hypertonic glucose injection is instilled. The incidence of phlebitis decreases with the use of large veins.
2. Extravasation of high-concentration glucose injection can cause local swelling and pain.
3 Reactive hypoglycemia: Concomitant use of insulin overdose, which is prone to occur when the original hypoglycemia tendency and total intravenous nutrition therapy suddenly stop.
4 Hyperglycemic nonketotic coma: It is more common in diabetes, stress states, using a large amount of glucocorticoids, and in patients with uremia peritoneal dialysis given intraperitoneal hypertonic glucose solution and total nutrition therapy.
5. Electrolyte disorders, prone to hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and hypophosphatemia when long-term pure glucose supply.
6. People with original heart dysfunction.
7. Hyperkalemia occurs occasionally in patients with type 1 diabetes when high glucose is used.

Contradiction of glucose injection

Diabetes, severe heart failure and edema are contraindicated.

Precautions for glucose injection

1. Pay attention to too much glucose during delivery can stimulate fetal insulin secretion, postpartum infant hypoglycemia.
2. Use with caution when:
(1) Patients with most gastric resections are prone to dumping syndrome and hypoglycemia when taking oral glucose tolerance test, and should be changed to intravenous glucose test:
(2) Patients with periodic paralysis and hypokalemia;
(3) It is easy to induce hyperglycemia when under stress or when using glucocorticoids;
(4) Those with edema and severe heart and kidney dysfunction, ascites due to cirrhosis of the liver, may easily cause water retention, and the amount of infusion should be controlled; the rate of drip should be controlled especially for those with heart dysfunction.
3. In case of discoloration, crystallization, turbidity and foreign matter, it should be prohibited.

Glucose injection for pregnant and lactating women

Excessive glucose injection during delivery can stimulate fetal insulin secretion and postpartum hypoglycemia.

Glucose injection for children

Too fast and too much fluid can cause palpitations, arrhythmias, and even acute left heart failure.

Glucose injection for the elderly

Too fast and too much fluid can cause palpitations, arrhythmias, and even acute left heart failure.

Glucose injection drug interactions

still uncertain.

Glucose injection drug overdose

This experiment has not been performed and there are no reliable references.

Glucose injection pharmacology and toxicology

Glucose is one of the body's main sources of calories. Each gram of glucose can generate 4 calories (16.7kJ) of heat energy, so it is used to supplement calories. Treatment of hypoglycemia. When glucose and insulin are infused intravenously, the synthesis of glycogen requires the participation of potassium ions, so that potassium ions enter the cell and the concentration of potassium in the blood drops, so it is used to treat hyperkalemia. Hypertonic glucose injection with rapid intravenous bolus has tissue dehydration and can be used as a tissue dehydration agent. In addition, glucose is the main substance that maintains and regulates the osmotic pressure of peritoneal dialysate.

Pharmacokinetics of glucose injection

Glucose is injected directly into the bloodstream. Glucose is completely oxidized in the body to produce CO ₂ and water, which are excreted by the lungs and kidneys, while generating energy. It can also be converted into glycogen and fat for storage. The ability of a normal human body to use glucose per minute is 6 mg / kg.

Glucose injection storage

Keep tightly closed.

Glucose injection packaging

Polypropylene plastic ampoules for injection, 20ml per bottle; plastic bottles, 50ml per bottle, 100ml per bottle, 250ml per bottle, 500ml per bottle; glass bottles, 100ml per bottle, 250ml per bottle, 500ml per bottle; plastic bags, each 250ml bags, 500ml bags.

Glucose injection expiration date

24 months

Glucose injection standard

"Chinese Pharmacopoeia" 2010 edition two ^[1]