What Is Mushroom Poisoning?

Mushrooms, also known as mushrooms, are fungal plants. Toadstools refers to mushrooms that can cause poisoning after eating. At present, there are about 100 species known in China, of which more than 10 species are very toxic, such as: brown scale ring mushroom, meat brown mushroom, white Poison Umbrella (White Cap Fungus), Poison Umbrella (Green Cap Fungus), Lepidoptera White Poison Umbrella (Poison Goose Paste), Autumn Helmet Spore Umbrella (Sphaeropodus), Black-footed Fold Umbrella, Poison Pleurotus Pleurotus ostreatus), Residua sclerotiorum, deer fungus, saddle mushroom, etc.

Basic Information

nickname: Poisonous mushroom poisoning
English name: mushroom poisoning
Visiting department: Emergency Department

Multiple groups: People who love wild mushrooms
Common causes: Eating poisonous mushrooms
Common symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, severe gastrointestinal bleeding, decreased blood pressure and even shock.

Causes of poisonous mushrooms

There are many types of mushrooms, and people lack experience in identifying poisonous and non-toxic mushrooms. Ingestion of poisonous mushrooms can cause poisoning.

Clinical manifestations of toadstool poisoning

There are many types of toadstools, and the toxins in the toadstools are more complex and heat-resistant. Mycotoxins are closely related to the symptoms of poisoning. The main types of poisons are gastrointestinal toxins, neurotoxins, hemolytic toxins, protoplasmic toxins, and liver toxins. A toad may contain multiple toxins, and one toxin may exist in many toadstools. According to the clinical manifestations of toadstool poisoning, the clinic is roughly divided into the following four types, which can overlap each other.

Gastrointestinal type

The incubation period is 0.5 to 6 hours. Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, severe cases may be accompanied by gastrointestinal bleeding, secondary dehydration, decreased blood pressure and even shock.

2. Neuropsychiatric

The toxin is similar to muscarinic choline acetate. The incubation period is 1-6 hours. The clinical manifestations are parasympathetic nerve excitation symptoms, such as sweating, salivation, tearing, pupil narrowing, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and slow pulse. A few severe cases may show signs of delirium, hallucinations, convulsions, convulsions, coma, and respiratory depression, and some cases die as a result. Partial poisoning may have peripheral neuritis.

3. Hemolytic type

The incubation period is 6 to 12 hours. In addition to gastrointestinal symptoms, there are hemolytic anemia, jaundice, hemoglobinuria, hepatosplenomegaly, etc., severe cases cause acute renal failure. Some cases have thrombocytopenia, skin purpura, and even vomiting or blood in the stool.

4. Toxic hepatitis

The incubation period is 6 to 48 hours, with toxic liver damage as the prominent clinical manifestations, hepatomegaly, jaundice, and elevated transaminase. In severe cases, there is a tendency for systemic bleeding, often accompanied by DIC and liver encephalopathy. Toxic myocarditis, toxic encephalopathy, or kidney damage can also occur, leading to varying degrees of dysfunction in the relevant organs.

Toadstool poisoning check

1. Blood test, urine routine, liver and kidney function, electrolyte, electrocardiogram, etc.

2. Detect poisonous components of mushrooms.

Diagnosis of toadstool poisoning

1. Have a history of poisonous mushrooms and corresponding clinical manifestations.

2. Stomach contents and residual food were identified as poisonous mushrooms.

Mushroom poisoning treatment

1. Emetic, gastric lavage, catharsis

The conscious person induces vomiting in time, and gives gastric lavage as soon as possible. After gastric lavage, the adult is infused with activated carbon, adsorbed for 30 to 60 minutes, and then diarrhea with sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate.

2. Symptomatic and supportive treatment

Actively correct water, electrolyte and acid-base balance disorders. Diuretic, promote the excretion of poison; 5% sodium bicarbonate alkalizes urine. Hepatoprotective treatment is given to those with liver damage. Adrenocortical hormone has a certain therapeutic effect on acute hemolysis, toxic liver damage, toxic myocarditis, etc. Its application principles are early, short course (usually 3 to 5 days), and large doses. Patients with obvious bleeding should be transfused with fresh blood or plasma and supplemented with necessary coagulation factors. People with psychiatric symptoms or convulsions should be treated with sedation or anticonvulsants.

3. Antidote treatment

Atropine or penehyclidine hydrochloride (long tonine) is suitable for muscarinic poisoning with muscarin. Those with cholinergic symptoms should be used early.

Mercapto complexes (sodium dimercaptopropanesulfonate, sodium dimercaptobutane) have a certain effect on liver damage toxic mushroom poisoning. Cytochrome C reduces toxin-protein binding and accelerates toxin clearance.

4. Dialysis Therapy

It is suitable for those with severe renal failure, or has a certain effect on the elimination of most muscarinic alkaloids.

Mushroom poisoning prevention

1. Those who have no experience in identifying toadstools, do not pick mushrooms to eat.

2. Poisonous wild mushrooms (mushrooms) often have the following characteristics: high color and luster; umbrella-shaped mushrooms (bacteria) have fish scales on the surface; ring-shaped protrusions on the mushroom handle; irregular protrusions on the bottom of the mushroom handle; wild Mushrooms (mushrooms) are harvested or damaged, and the damaged parts flow out of milk.