What Is Tetraplegia?

A physical examination can diagnose it.

Quadriplegic

Damp colds in the limbs can be seen in the accompanying symptoms of various diseases, and the circulatory system lesions are the most serious clinically, and common are acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock. In addition, heat stroke and poor self-metabolism may also cause limb coldness.

Symptom name

Quadriplegic

A physical examination can diagnose it.

(1) Acute poliogmyelitis has symptoms such as fever, sore throat, appetite, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea. Generally, on the first 3 to 5 days after the onset, limb paralysis occurs after fever regression. Paralysis ^{[1] is} more common in one lower limb, but also involves bilateral lower limbs or limbs, showing asymmetric flaccid paralysis, muscle tension relaxation, and tendon reflexes to weaken or disappear. Feeling there. The number of cells in the cerebrospinal fluid increased, and the protein content increased slightly.

(2) Acute infectious polyneuritis (acute infectious polyneuritis), also known as acute polyneuritis or Guillain-Barre syndrome. A history of non-specific infection is usually within 1 to 3 weeks before the illness. Acute onset, first lower muscle strength of the lower limbs, quickly developed upward, quadriplegia occurred within 1 to 2 days. Paralysis is flaccid and tendon reflexes weaken or disappear. Muscle pain. Distal muscle atrophy without obvious sensory disturbances. Often accompanied by cranial nerve damage, one or more bilateral nerve damage is more common. Severe cases may have symptoms such as hoarseness, difficulty swallowing and other symptoms of bulbar paralysis, and may have respiratory muscle paralysis. Cerebrospinal fluid presents a protein-cell separation phenomenon in which the protein is increased and the number of cells is normal or close to normal.

(3) Brachial plexus nearyitis is an acute onset. Pain in the upper limbs is a characteristic of the disease. It is first in the neck root and the upper part of the collarbone, and then quickly expands to the back of the shoulder, arms and hands. The pain begins to be intermittent. Later turned to continuous. Mostly disappear within 1 to 2 weeks. The affected upper limb muscle strength is weakened, tendon reflexes are reduced or disappeared, the superficial sensation of hands and fingers is reduced, and muscle atrophy is not obvious. On examination, tenderness in the neural stem was observed, which is characterized by: upper arm plexus injury mainly manifested as paralysis of the upper arm and normal hand and finger muscles; lower arm plexus injury mainly manifested as distal paralysis of the upper extremity and atrophy of the small muscles of the hand "Eagle claw hand", ulnar sensation of the forearm and hand and autonomic nerve dysfunction. EMG has denervated potentials, decreased motor units, increased polyphasic potentials, and prolonged duration.

Quadriplegia (4) Polyneuritis is mainly manifested as symmetrical sensory disturbances in the distal limbs, paramotor motility, and autonomic nerve disorders. The paralysis is characterized by motor neuron paralysis under symmetry of the distal limb, depending on the severity of the nerve involvement, and can range from paresis to total paralysis. Muscle tension is reduced, tendon reflexes are reduced or disappeared, and ankle reflexes are often reduced earlier than knee reflexes. Muscle atrophy may be characterized by a heavier distal end than a proximal end. The muscle atrophy is marked by the tibialis anterior muscle, the peroneus muscle, and the upper limb by the interosseous muscle, vermiform muscle, large and small intermuscular muscles, and there may be sagging hands and feet. Cross-threshold gait may occur when walking.

(5) Radial nerve palsy The main manifestation of radial nerve palsy is that the wrist, fingers, and thumb cannot be straightened and abducted, that is, the sagging of the wrist, and the thumb and the back of the first and second metacarpal space feel reduced or disappear. Depending on the location of the injury, different effects occur. In addition to the sagging of the axillary arm, the elbow joint cannot be extended due to triceps brachial paralysis, and the forearm cannot be flexed to the elbow due to paralysis of the brachioradialis, as in the humerus With 1/3 injury, the triceps function is good. When the injury is at the lower end of the humerus or the arm 1/3, the functions of the brachioradialis, supinator, and extensor muscles are preserved. When the injury is less than 1/3 in the forearm, only the extensor function is lost, and no wrist sagging. If the injury is in the wrist, symptoms of dyskinesia can occur.

(6) Palsy of ulnar nerve When the ulnar nerve is paralyzed, the radial side of the finger is deflected, the abduction of the ulnar side is weakened, the movement of the little finger is impaired, and the small fish muscles and interosseous muscles atrophy. The ulnar side of the palm and back of the hand and the entire ulnar half of the little and ring fingers are sensory.

(7) Caypal tunnel syndrome (caypal tunnel syndrome) can be caused by a fracture, trauma, or thickened transverse transverse ligament of the wrist to compress the median nerve. The main manifestation is the weakened flexion function of the fingers, the thumb and forefinger cannot be bent, the thumb can not make opposite palm movements, and the great fish muscles are obviously atrophied. Half of the first to third fingers and the fourth finger, palmar sensory disturbance. There are symptoms of autonomic dysfunction such as local dry skin, coldness, and brittle nails.

(8) Paralysis of common peroneal nerve, paralysis of the peroneal muscles and tibialis anterior muscles after injury. It manifests as drooping feet, feet and foot exercises cannot be dorsiflexed, and walking with the heel is difficult. When walking, lift your feet high, and when your feet drop to the ground, your toes will hang down on the soles of your feet, similar to a chicken gait, called a cross-threshold gait. Sensory disturbances in the anterolateral calf and instep.