What Is a Forage Crop?

Forage, Chinese vocabulary.

[co liào]

Pinyin co liào

Zhuyin ^[1]

1. [forage; fodder]: Plant food for livestock, including green and dry materials, stems and leaves, and grains.

   When forages are collected there, there are some regular bills. -"Water Margin"

2. [life]: Qian claims his shallow blessings;

   1. Animal feed. Refers to hay.
   

   Use of forage

   The suitable temperature range for the growth of straw mushroom mycelium is 15-35 ° C, the most suitable temperature is 30-35 ° C, the fruit body growth temperature is 26-34 ° C, and the most suitable temperature is 28-30 ° C. It takes about one month from the pile to the end of mushroom production. It is the type with the highest temperature and the shortest growth period among the currently cultivated edible fungi. According to the temperature requirements of straw mushrooms, appropriate cultivation periods can be selected in various places.

   Cultivation materials Cotton seed hulls, waste cotton, wheat straw, straw, corn cob, corn stalks, peanut husks, and cultivated oyster mushrooms can be used. Use dry, mildew-free fresh forage.

   Site selection and treatment Vegetable sheds, mushroom sheds, indoor, outdoor, under the woods, impotence, fields, orchards can be produced. The shed should be covered and sterilized with lime powder before use. The old mushroom shed should be fumigated and insecticide sterilized.

   Raw material treatment In the vicinity of the mushroom shed, dig a 6 m long, 2.5 m wide and 0.8 m deep pit (the size of the pit can be flexibly controlled according to the amount of raw materials). Cultivate the excavated soil around the pit to increase the depth of the pit to 1.5 meters. Lay a layer of thick plastic film in the pit, and then lay a layer of forage. This is done until it is filled. The uppermost layer is lime powder. The total amount of lime is about 8% of the total forage. Pressurize the forage to prevent it from floating. Finally, irrigate the soil pit until there is no forage. At the same time, 8% to 10% of the total wheat straw bran is put into a bag and soaked, and soaked for 24 to 36 hours.

   Set up in a shed for seeding . Pick out the soaked forage and drain for half an hour before entering the shed. Jianou from north to south, with a width of 0.9 to 1.0 meters. First spread a layer of grass about 20 cm thick, and then sprinkle a layer of treated bran. Level by hand, sow the first layer after compacting slightly. According to the seeding volume of 0.75 kg per square meter, take out 1/3 of the bacteria, scoop them into the size of thumb belly, and then according to the specifications of acupoint and row spacing of about 10 cm, on the two sides of the wow on-demand sowing. The middle part, because the material temperature will be too high and burn the bacteria, so it is not broadcast. After that, spread another layer of forage and bran with a thickness of about 15 cm, and seed the remaining 3/2 strains on the entire bed. Finally, sprinkle a thin layer of forage on the bed to protect the bacteria. After proper compaction with wooden boards, the ridges are made into arcs to facilitate soil cover. The total thickness of the material is 30-35 cm, and the width of the walkway is 30 cm.

   Covering film After pressing the bed into an arc shape, cover a layer of 2-4 cm thick sticky soil on the material surface. Partially decomposed fermented manure can be mixed in the walkway. After the soil is covered, a layer of agricultural film is covered on the bed surface to keep moisture. The used film should be disinfected with lime water or potassium permanganate before use. After laminating, insert a thermometer into the material, observe the temperature every day, and control it to a suitable range. The material temperature should not exceed 40 . If it exceeds, the film should be removed immediately and ventilated, and the wooden bed should be used to punch holes for heat dissipation.

   For 3 days after the seedlings are covered with the film, the film is ventilated several times a day for 10-30 minutes each time. By the 7th to 8th day, the bacteria can cover the bed. In this progress, the arch should be supported on the bed, and the arch is covered with a film. Open the two ends of the arch shed halfway to ventilate, and don't cover the two sides too tightly. If the temperature and humidity are suitable, the arch shed can also be omitted.

   Rudder management Rudder starts to be released about 10 days after sowing. When entering, pay attention to the ventilation of the film. When the mushrooms are out for a long time, fill the aisle with water, moisturize and cool down. If the temperature and humidity are suitable, remove the film and ventilate to prevent the high temperature from killing the mushroom buds. If the bed is too dry, a small pit can be dug by the shed, covered with film, put in cold water, and sprayed on the bed after preheating.

   Harvesting 2 to days after budding, 4 to 5 days per tide, 2 to 3 times per day. After 3 to 5 days, the second tide mushroom is produced again. Generally, one 3 to 4 tide mushrooms can be collected, and the whole mushroom collection period is 20 to 25 days.

   New method for forage storage

   A new method for storing fodder has recently been developed at the Hokkaido Agricultural Experimental Farm in Japan, which allows forages with a moisture content of 30 to 35% to be safely stored for 2 to 3 months without causing mildew.

   The specific method is: on dry ground that can be exposed to sunlight or sandy soil that can block moisture, pad round wood, and then stack the bundled forage on top of each other, a total of seven or eight layers. The outside is sealed with a transparent plastic film, and then ammonia gas is injected into the haystack with an air pump. When the moisture content of the forage reaches 30 to 35%, 2% of ammonia is injected; when it is less than 30%, 1% is injected. After the injection, it should be kept sealed for 2 to 3 months. The forage will be completely dry and will not rot. The forage preserved by the new method is not only green, but also increases the crude protein content, which is easily digested by livestock.