Is it Safe to Use Pseudoephedrine in Pregnancy?

Pseudoephedrine, Chinese alias: S- (R *, R *)]-a-1 [1- (methylamino) ethyl] -benzyl alcohol hydrochloride, a chemical, this product is a white odorless crystal, hygroscopic , Darkened when encountering light. Soluble in ethanol and ether. ^[1] According to the Regulations on the Safety Management of Dangerous Chemicals and the Regulations on the Management of Precursor Chemicals, this product is subject to the control of the public security department.

Pseudoephedrine is one of the ingredients of some cold medicines, which can alleviate nasal discomfort caused by colds. Nasal congestion, runny nose and sneezing are the main symptomatic solutions. But at the same time, it can also be made into methamphetamine commonly known as "methamphetamine" through uncomplicated chemical transformation. 90 mg of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride. In theory, 10 boxes of cold medicine can produce 3 grams of methamphetamine. ^[2]

Chinese name: Pseudoephedrine

Foreign name: Pseudoephedrine
Drug classification: Antiasthmatic drugs

Pseudoephedrine Basebook Information

Chinese name: pseudoephedrine

Chinese alias: d-pseudoephedrine; (1S, 2S) -2-methylamino-1-phenylpropan-1-ol

English name: pseudoephedrine

English alias: (+)-(1S, 2S) -2-methylamino-1-phenyl-1-propanol; 2- (Methylamino) -1-phenyl-1-Pentanone; Pentedrone; Pseudoephedrine; 2-methylamino-1-phenylpropanol ;

2-methylamino-1-phenyl-pentan-1-one; 2-Methylamino-1-phenyl-pentan-1-on; (+)-pseudoephedrin;

CAS number: 90-82-4

Molecular formula: C ₁₀ H ₁₅ NO

Molecular weight: 165.23200

Exact mass: 165.11500

PSA: 32.26000

LogP: 1.71880 ^[3]

Structural formula:

Physicochemical properties of pseudoephedrine

Melting point: 118-120 ° C

Pseudoephedrine Safety Information

Dangerous Goods Transport Code: UN 1544

Danger category code: R20 / 21/22; R36 / 37/38

Safety instructions: 26-37 / 39

Pseudoephedrine Toxicology Data

1. Acute toxicity: Adult oral LDLo: 64mg / kg

Adult oral LDLo: 12mg / kg

Oral TDLo for children: 20mg / kg / 12H-I

Oral LD50 in rats: 660mg / kg

Subcutaneous LDLo in rats: 650mg / kg

Oral LD50 in mice: 500mg / kg

Intravenous injection of LD50 in mice: 88mg / kg

Intravenous injection of LDLo in dogs: 125mg / kg

Rabbit subcutaneous LDLo: 400mg / kg

Rabbit intravenous LDLo: 85mg / kg

Ecological data of pseudoephedrine

The substance may be harmful to the environment

Calculated Chemical Data for Pseudoephedrine

1. Hydrophobic parameter calculation reference value (XlogP): None

2. Number of hydrogen-bonded donors: 2

3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 2

4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 3

5. Number of tautomers: none

6. Topological molecular polar surface area 32.3

7. Number of heavy atoms: 12

8. Surface charge: 0

9. Complexity: 121

10. Number of isotope atoms: 0

11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 2

12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0

13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0

14. Uncertain number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0

15. Number of covalent bond units: 1

Basic properties and stability of pseudoephedrine

Stable at normal temperature and pressure

Pseudoephedrine storage method

Sealed, dry and protected from light ^[4]

Pseudoephedrine Pseudoephedrine related drug label information

Pseudoephedrine classification name

Primary classification: Respiratory drugs Secondary classification: Antiasthmatic drugs Tertiary classification: Anti-inflammatory antiasthmatic drugs

Pseudoephedrine drug dosage form

Tablets: 30mg each.

Pharmacological effects of pseudoephedrine

This product is a sympathomimetic drug, which can stimulate the release of norepinephrine from the sympathetic nerve endings, thereby acting as a sympathomimetic nerve in an indirect way. The vasoconstriction of this product has a certain selectivity. It mainly shrinks the upper respiratory tract blood vessels, eliminates nasopharyngeal mucosal hyperemia, and can better alleviate the phenomenon of upper respiratory mucosal hyperemia. This product has a weaker effect on bronchial smooth muscle expansion and systemic vasoconstriction than ephedrine hydrochloride. Clinically used for allergic rhinitis, rhinitis, sinusitis, etc.

Pharmacokinetics of pseudoephedrine

After oral administration, the drug rapidly absorbs for about 15-30 minutes and starts to act for about 3 hours. Most of its metabolic effects are changed to inactive metabolites, and 6% of the metabolites are active. 55% to 75% are excreted through the urine as a prototype, and the half-life (t1 / 2) varies depending on the urine flow rate and pH, with an average of 7h: pH 8 9 to 16h: pH 5.5 to 6.0 5 to 8h: pH 5 to 3 ~ 6h.

Indication for pseudoephedrine

Sinusitis, congestive rhinitis, bronchial asthma.

Contraindications to pseudoephedrine

1. Those who are allergic to this product are prohibited. 2. Patients with severe hypertension, coronary artery disease, and those receiving monoamine chloride inhibitor MAOI are prohibited.

Notes on pseudoephedrine

Patients with severe hypertension, coronary heart disease, taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and those who are sensitive or intolerant to pseudoephedrine hydrochloride are contraindicated. Use with caution in patients with hyperthyroidism, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, high intraocular pressure, hypertension, prostatic hypertrophy, and patients who are sensitive to sympathomimetic drugs. Patients taking other sympathomimetics and decongestants should be used with caution. Use with caution for pregnant and lactating women. Adverse reactions include central nervous excitability, insomnia, headache, accelerated heart rate, hypertension, etc., but the response is mild.

Pseudoephedrine adverse reactions

Adverse reactions include central nervous excitability, insomnia, headache, increased heart rate, and elevated blood pressure, but the response is mild.

Pseudoephedrine usage dosage

Oral: 30-60mg each time, 3 times / d.

Corresponding effects of pseudoephedrine drugs

1. Combined with the following drugs to enhance their effects, it should be used with caution or reduction: catecholamine preparations such as MAOI, thyroid preparations, paraadrenaline. 2. Drugs that can alkalize urine can reduce the elimination rate of this drug. The indirect effects of this product's sympathetic nerve stimulation will reduce the hypotensive effect of guanethidine, methyldopa, reserpine and resveratine, The use of MAOI must prevent the occurrence of hypertension crisis.

Pseudoephedrine reviews

1. Patients with hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, increased intraocular pressure, hyperthyroidism or enlarged prostate should be used with caution. 2. Not suitable for pregnant or nursing women. 3. Sympathomimetic stimulants may produce central nervous excitability and cause convulsions or circulatory system failure and hypotension, so it should not be used in excess of the recommended dose ^[5] .