What are hereditary diseases?
hereditary diseases are diseases or disorders that are genetically transmitted from parents to offspring. Such diseases are caused by mutations or deformities in genes or in the chromosome structure that can be passed to generations. In many cases, a recessive form of genetic disorder is handed over and the real hereditary disease is not expressed at all. However, when such a "carrier" that has a recessive form produces offspring with another carrier, it is possible for offspring to express a disorder. Thus, hereditary diseases can be transmitted through families for generations without anyone really ill.
There are many different inheritance patterns that can be inherited by hereditary disease. The inheritance formula is generally based on a specific type of genetic aberration and its chromosomal location. For example, a genetic basis for many hereditary diseases can be recessive or dominant. If this is recessive, both a native -spruce must have at least one copy of the genetic aberration for offspring toThey had a disease. On the other hand, dominant genetic disorders can cause symptoms of the disease if one copy of aberration is present, so it is possible for a child to have a disease, although only one parent has genetic aberration.
patterns of hereditary diseases can also be influenced by a chromosome on which genetic aberration is located. For example, some hereditary diseases are associated with sexual, which means that they are present on X chromosome. Males have only one X chromosome, so one copy of genetic aberration is enough to cause the disease to expression. On the other hand, women have two X chromosomes, so two copies of genetic aberrations - one on each X chromosome - are essential for the way of expression of the disease. Some genetic disorders can be y-pity; This means that all male offspring with fathers who have a Y -linked disorder will also have a disorder because the fathers will go through chRomozome y to the offspring of men.
Expression of some hereditary diseases is not strictly based on inheritance samples. For example, some diseases tend to run in families, but also tend to require some environmental factor. For example, heart disease tends to run in families, but there are many other factors, including diet, the environment and lifestyle that can worsen or alleviate the condition. There are also many hereditary diseases that are dependent on many different genes and therefore show more complex patterns of inheritance.