What are neuraminidase inhibitors?

neuraminidase inhibitors are antiviral drugs used to treat influenza infections. The influenza virus has two proteins on the surface. One of them is neuraminidase, an enzyme that releases newly formed particles from the viral surface. This allows them to spread and infect other cells after they have been replicated. Two neuraminidase inhibitors are commercially available for the treatment of influenza by blocking neuraminidase activity.

This type of enzyme is produced by a wide range of organisms. Naraminidase disrupts the confection of sugar known as sialic acid or neuramidin . The influenza virus protrudes from neuraminidase from the surface of the viral particle. Once the virus is reproduced, it remains connected to the host cell of sialic acid until this sugar is undertaken. It does this by adding water molecule to break the chemical binding of sialic acid. This type of enzyme is known as glycoside hydrolase .

There are nine different subtypes of neuraminidases, but only some occur in the tribes of influenza that affect people. Together with haemaglutinin , the second protein on the viral surface helps to determine the infectivity of the virus. Some types of neuraminidases are more harmful to hosts than others. They are used in the name of the virus. For example, the influenza virus responsible for the pandemic of pig flu and seasonal influenza has been marked with h1n1 , suggesting that they had hemaglutinin and neurminidase type 1.

The development of three -dimensional crystal structures for viral neuraminidases was an intellectual and practical success. This allowed scientists to use structures as a model to develop neuraminidase inhibitors. Naraminidase was a more attractive target for the medicine than hemaglutinin because it has a pocket in a molecule that serves as an active space for enzyme.

The compounds were designed to bind in this pocket and prevent the enzyme from binding the cell compound of sugar. With bound inhibitors of neuraminidase with a virusThe US could no longer free from the cell. This effectively limits the replication of the virus.

Clinical results of these neuraminidase inhibitors were that the symptoms of the influenza were delayed for 0.5 to 1.5 days. Because the virus can replicate in an hour and produce many new virus particles, it was a significant finding. There are currently two such inhibitors on the market, Oseltamivir, better known as Tamiflu® and Zanamivir, also known as aletza®. These drugs are most effective when used within 48 hours of symptoms development.

both of these inhibitors of neuraminidases counteract influenza A and B. There are different levels of resistance two drugs between some flu tribes. The H1N1 seasonal virus shows a high level of resistance to Tamiflu®, but only a small degree of resistance is shown by the H1N1 swine flu. Thus, during the 2009 swine flu pandemic, Tamiflu® was accumulated.

So far, Releza® is effective against both flu strains. However, there are health concerns about the drug, so it was not soldFor so wide. It is considered an important backup remedy in case the H1N1 swine influenza develops resistance to Tamiflu® because there are only two drugs to treat swine flu.

has developed other drugs that were used in the United States on an emergency basis. This is a folded peramivirus. However, it was not approved by food and drug administration (FDA). Pernir is an alternative treatment for H1N1 swine flu, for people who cannot use other drugs.