What are osmotic diuretics?

Osmotic diuretics are a class of drugs that cause patients to have increased urine production. These drugs work by shifting the balance of water between different parts of the body. Various osmotic diuretics include mannitol, isosorbide, urea and glycerin. In general, these drugs have less strong effect compared to some other types of diuretics. Although these drugs are usually well tolerated, patients with certain basic diseases should not take them. In general, osmotic substances apply their effects because their presence increases the amount of substances dissolved in the blood. With high concentrations of osmotic substances in the body, water will flow from the inside of the cells and into the bloodstream in an effort to normalize the relative concentration of substances in intracellular and extracellular spaces in the body. This result is in a multiple fluid that goes to the kidneys to filter, causing increased urine production. In addition, the presence of osmotic substances in the liquid filtered by the kidney can lead to less water is reabsto the bloodstream, resulting in increased urination.

There are four different osmotic diuretics that are usually used. One of the most important is the chemical species called Mannitol, a small molecule that is not insecute and does not participate in any chemical reaction in the body. The other two commonly used agents include glycerin and isosorbide. Urea, another osmotic diuretic, is not used in the US, but can be prescribed in other countries around the world.

Overall, osmotic diuretics are considered less effective drugs compared to some other diuretics classes. They cause patients to urinate less compared to some of the diuretics. Therefore, although sometimes used only to increase urine performance, they are also used in several other ways. For example, mannitol may be administered to patients who have increased intracranial pressure in an effort to reduce this pressure by the fact that fromIt works that part of the fluid in the brain flows into the bloodstream.

common side effects of osmotic diuretics may include headache, vomiting and nausea. Prolonged use of drugs could reduce the concentration of sodium in the blood, which would lead to a condition called hyponatraemia. When this condition is mild, it causes non -specific symptoms; However, severe hyponatraemia can cause seizures.

Not all patients should have osmotic diuretics. The provision of osmotic diuretics increases the volume of blood circulating around the body. In patients who already have too many fluids in their body, for example in patients with kidney disease at a final stage or congestive heart failure, Because should not be given the consequences of these basic processes of the disease. Patients who do not produce urine should also not be administered with drugs.