What Is Biocompatibility?

Biocompatibility means that the material elicits a proper response in a specific part of the body. According to the interpretation of the International Standards Organization (ISO) meeting, biocompatibility refers to a property of living tissues to respond to inactive materials, and generally refers to the compatibility between the material and the host. After the biological material is implanted into the human body, it has an impact and effect on the specific biological tissue environment. The biological tissue also has an effect and effect on the biological material. The cyclic effect of the two continues until the equilibrium is reached or the implant is removed. Biocompatibility has always been the subject of biological materials research.

Definition of biocompatibility

Biocompatibility means that the material elicits a proper response in a specific part of the body. According to the interpretation of the International Standards Organization (ISO) meeting, biocompatibility refers to a property of living tissues to respond to inactive materials, and generally refers to the compatibility between the material and the host. After the biological material is implanted into the human body, it has an impact and effect on the specific biological tissue environment. The biological tissue also has an effect and effect on the biological material. The cyclic effect of the two continues until the equilibrium is reached or the implant is removed. Biocompatibility has always been the subject of biological materials research.

Biocompatibility

Biocompatibility can be divided into biological response and material response. Biological response includes blood response, immune response, and tissue response. Material response is mainly manifested in changes in the physical and chemical properties of materials.

Biocompatibility is mainly determined by the nature and use of the material. The properties of materials and products themselves, including their shape, size, and surface roughness, toxic low-molecular substances remaining in the process of material polymerization or preparation, material processing process pollution, and degradation products of materials in the body are all related to their biocompatibility. Short-term contact of materials with the body can cause toxicity, irritation, teratogenicity and local inflammation of cells and the whole body; long-term contact may have mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic effects; contact with blood may cause abnormal coagulation function and hemolysis, etc. Therefore, when When considering the use of materials in the field of biomedicine, their biocompatibility is an important indicator to be considered and evaluated.

Biocompatibility evaluation principles and standards

Assessing the biocompatibility of materials follows the two principles of biosafety and biofunctionality. It not only requires biomaterials to have low toxicity, but also requires biomaterials to properly stimulate the corresponding functions of the body in specific applications. The evaluation of biocompatibility is mainly carried out through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments with reference to the requirements of International Standards Organization (ISO) 10993 and national standard GB / T16886.

The immune response and tissue repair processes in the body are very complicated, and it is not enough to determine the biocompatibility of a material by a cell or tissue. There are three key points to evaluate and analyze the biodescriptivity of a material: first, no material is completely inert; second, biocompatibility is a dynamic process, not static; Third, biocompatibility is not simply the nature of the material, but the result of the interaction between the material and the body environment.