What is the immunology of the vaccine?

The vaccine immunology is the science of preventing diseases using vaccines. Vaccines are weakened forms of microorganisms that cause various dangerous diseases. When introduced into the patient's system, the vaccine activates the natural immune system of the body. As a result, the patient will be immune to illness in later life. Although it is not without controversy, the immunology of the vaccine has saved millions of lives around the world since its introduction in the 18th century.

The discovery of the vaccine immunology is credited to the British doctor Edward Jenner. Jenner examined the claim that people were immune to deadly pox of illness, if they were exposed to cowpox, a similar but fatal disease. In 1796 Jenner tested this theory of inoculation or injection of a young patient with Cowpox, then later with smallpox. Although the patient was withdrawing and recovered from Cowpox, he proved immune to smallpox. The successful creation of a vaccine against smallpox led to the worldmune eradication of the disease in the 80s.

All higher organisms have natural immune systems consisting of microscopic structures called antibodies that are afraid of disease and other infections. When the body face specific diseases, the body can produce specialized antibodies; That is why, for example, a person infected with non -pointers, once in the future will be usually immune to illness. By introducing a weakened form of dangerous disease, the immunology of the vaccine causes the creation of specialized antibodies that protect the patient in the case of future exposures. Some patients contrast the vaccine disease, but this occurrence is much smaller than in populations that have not been vaccinated.

Not all diseases can be prevented by vaccine immunology. Some diseases such as colds, flu and AIDS are caused by microbes called viruses. Unlike bacteria viruses to you do not have a genetic structure set and can easily mutate into new forms. Although a person has been vaccinated against onethe type of influenza, for example, may not be affected by other types of flu; That is why effective vaccines are for this disease for a long time elusive. Nevertheless, a number of fatal diseases of the past were controlled or smoothed by vaccines, including child palsy, black cough and tuberculosis.

In the 90s and early 1920s, there were concerns around the world that vaccination in childhood was associated with autism, developmental disorder. Small concentrations of mercury used as preservatives in vaccines could cause brain damage. The use of mercury preservatives was interrupted, but numerous scientific studies found that these concerns were unfounded. The doctor who claimed that the vaccines against the throat of mumps (MRD) were dangerous, later found to have manipulated data, and was deprived of his medical license. The immunology of the vaccine remains an important life of the measures for populations around the world.