How was the human genome sequential?

Human genome was sequentially sequential by two different groups in two different ways. The Human Genome Project USD (USD) project $ 3 billion (USD) (HGP), supported by the US Energy, used a technique called "Hierarchical Sequencing of the shotgun", where she broke the human genome into pieces consisting of every 150,000 basic couples. These pieces were then placed in bacteria, where the replication machine for DNA bacteria causes many copies of the sample for easier sequencing. These constructions are called bacterial artificial chromosomes. The project was founded in 1990 and completed for 13 years and reached its end in April 2003. In April 2000, a "gross design" of the human genome was available.

6 -fed -financed HGP. This group began in 1998 and was completed in 2001. The entire sequencing of the shotgun includes breaking multiple copies of the genome to smaller parts randomly, sequencing these parts and then determining, ktEré parts are associated with which they see where the codons overlap. Supercompoint algorithms and sequencing contributed invaluable to celery approach, which is feasible. Before working Celery, the largest genome was sequential was about 13 million pairs of basic pairs, far from three billion pairs of human genome. It is important to realize that the Celery project did not start from scratch, as HGP did; He was able to access existing information previously published on Genbank, a collection of genetic sequences and data available to all.

Despite the human genome containing three billion couples, only 3 percent of the codes for proteins (other 97 percent are unhealthy DNA), creating a total of about 25,000 genes. This is small compared to estimates of 40,000 to 2,000,000 genes that are suitable before the project is completed. The finality of the human genetic code means that it is feasible that one day scientists will be able to understand human genes in its entirety and even manipulusVat.

The work continues in the analysis of the work that came out of HGP. The latest initiative is to find a way to sequence the human genome for less than $ 1,000, which would do technology for wider use. The only sequence could determine many important genetic characteristics of the person, including your probability of developing certain diseases. Craig Venter, a former leader of the Celery project, left his genome completely sequential and spoke to various media about the results and their consequences.