What is phosphodiesterase?
phosphodiesterase is a type of enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of phosphate connection of nucleotide chains such as DNA or RNA. Many enzymes can do this reaction. However, the term is usually used for phosphodiesterase that cleaves cyclic nucleotides that are important for the transmission of signals in the cell. These enzymes are known as cyclical nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE). Phosphodiesterase inhibitors can be used as drugs and are used commercially to treat male erectile dysfunction and other conditions. DNA and RNA are long nucleotide chains with every nucleotide associated gradually with others and are polymers. The interconnection of phosphate bond is an important part of the polymerization of these nucleotide chains. Cyclic nucleotides have two phosphate groups associated with a group of ribosis in two different places. This makes the cyclical compound, allowing proteins to bind differently. They have the only base of Adenin and Guanin. These compounds react in many different cellular processes and are known JAKO secondary messengers . The first signal is transmitted from the outside of the cell by binding the hormone or neurotransmitter. This link then triggers an increase in the concentration of the camp or CGMP, which significantly amplifies the size of the original signal.
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase degrades cyclical nucleotide by breaking phosphate bond that maintains cyclical nucleotide. This is known as cleavage of phosphodiester bonds and causes the degradation of cyclic nucleotide. This degradation regulates the duration, localization and amplitude of the Compound signaling.
There are many types of this class phosphodiesterase, specialized in different functions. Since 2010, mammals have been known to have 11 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase genes. Genes provide a plan for protein production and it is estimated that there are more than 50 different proteins of cyclic phosphodiesterase in mammal cells.
PDE differs in many aspects, in theTheir biochemical properties and on which cyclic nucleotide can act. These are part of the criteria used to assign their families. Some degrade only the camp, while others affect only CGMP. Other PDEs can degrade both of these cyclic nucleotides.
The variety of reactions affected by these enzymes makes them promising goals for medicinal therapy. PDE inhibition extends the reaction mediated by cyclic nucleotide. The most important type of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor is that it affects the family five, which inhibits degradati CGMP degradatina. These drugs are Sildenafil, better known as Viagra®; Tadalafil, also known as Cialis®; And Vardenafil, more often known as Levitra®. This group of phosphodiesterase inhibitors is used to treat male erectile dysfunction - and recently other conditions such as high blood pressure.
On the other hand, three families inhibitors are used to treat acute heart failure. This type of enzyme increases CAM activityP and is inhibited by CGMP. These drugs are Milrinon, Primacor ™ and Inamrinon, also known as Inocor®. Cilazole, like Pledal®, is another drug in this class and is used to treat peripheral arterial disease.
The function of many newly discovered families of cyclical nucleotide phosphodiesterase are not known. Recent work has identified inflammation as a regulation area that may include some of these enzymes. This suggests that there will be many more goals for the intervention of the disease function of these enzymes in biochemistry will become better understood.