What is X chromosome?
Chromosome X is best known as one of two chromosomes that determine sex in many animals, including humans. Most people are born with at least one X chromosome because they are genetically inherited from the mother. Genetic mutations in X chromosomes are associated with many developmental disorders, while irregular numbers or chromosome functions are also associated with some medical syndromes.
When the egg is released, it already contains X chromosomes from the mother. The sperm contains the corresponding chromosome that can be either X, resulting in a woman or y, resulting in a male. Almost all biological women have a few XX chromosomes, while almost all biological men have xy make -up.
During the early fetal development in women, the body is busy with one of every two x chromosomes in all cells, except for those used to create eggs. This process, known as lyonization, ensures that only one active copy remains to handle most of the cellular function. Interestingly, closed-sizes withE that the chromosome is largely random, so the paternal chromosome can be lyonized in some cells, while maternal chromosome is silenced in others. Men do not support this process because they usually have only one active chromosome X.
chromosomes are formed by genes; It is assumed that the X chromosome has between 1000-2000 genes, many of which have nothing to do with sex determining. This is much greater than the number of genes that are assumed that they inhabit Y chromosomes that can have less than 100 genes. Genetically, it makes some sense, because almost all mammals have X chromosomes, but generally only men have chromosomes.
x chromosome -interconnected disorders tend to occur for one of the two reasons: genetic mutation or unusual chromosome combinations. Genetic mutation occurs when one or more genes behave or develop abnormally and can result in ambiguousVotal conditions, including increased risks in some cancer and pituitary junctions. Developmental problems such as Kinefelter syndrome, Turner syndrome and triple x syndrome are often related to other copies of X chromosomes, such as XXY or XXXY combinations.
Research on the function and disorders of X chromosomes is far from complete. A large number of genes and a stunning number of possible variations continue to be a survey of this component of the building block of active areas of study and exploration. By gaining better understanding of chromosome and its functions, scientists hope that they will develop treatment for a wide range of X -associated X -related disorders and will also improve the understanding of reproductive science.