What Is the Ductus Arteriosus?

Arterial catheters are tubes that are created between the pulmonary and aortic arteries during fetal heart development. Most of the blood from the pulmonary artery flows to the descending aorta during the fetal period. Hours to days after birth, functionally closed first, and after 1 to 2 months, most babies have also been closed anatomically.

Arterial catheters are tubes that are created between the pulmonary and aortic arteries during fetal heart development. Most of the blood from the pulmonary artery flows to the descending aorta during the fetal period. Hours to days after birth, functionally closed first, and after 1 to 2 months, most babies have also been closed anatomically.

nickname

Arterial catheter

English name

ductus arteriosus

Overview

A tube between the aorta and the pulmonary artery

Field

medicine

Special population

child

Arterial catheter anatomy

1.Arterial catheter

Arterial ducts communicating between the left pulmonary artery and the aortic arch during the fetal period. Its function is to use the catheter to introduce blood into the aorta to complete fetal blood circulation. Under normal circumstances, after birth, the arterial duct is blocked and becomes an arterial ligament. If it is not blocked after birth, blood in the aorta can flow into the pulmonary arteries, causing an increased burden on the right ventricle and causing disease. In addition, the venous blood of the pulmonary arteries and the aorta are mixed, and the symptoms of cyanosis may occur due to hypoxia.

2. Pulmonary artery

It is a thick, short trunk that transports venous blood to the lungs. Starting from the right ventricle's pulmonary artery, it rises obliquely from the front to the left of the aorta to the upper left and rear, reaching below the aortic arch, approximately equal to the lower edge of the fourth thoracic vertebra, and divided into left and right pulmonary arteries. A little to the left of the bifurcation, there is a connective tissue fibrous cord connected between the pulmonary artery and the lower edge of the aortic arch, called an arterial ligament, or an arterial duct cord, which is a trace left after the closure of an arterial duct during the embryonic period. So during the embryonic period, blood in the pulmonary artery is directed into the aorta. This arterial catheter is blocked shortly after birth. If it is not blocked, it is called an open duct, which is one of the congenital cardiovascular diseases.

The left pulmonary artery is short, crossing the thoracic aorta and the left bronchus to the left hilar to the left, and is divided into the upper and lower branches into the upper and lower lobe of the left lung; the right pulmonary artery is longer and rises to the right. After the aorta and superior vena cava, the front of the right bronchus and esophagus to the right hilum, it is divided into three branches that enter the upper, middle, and lower lobes of the right lung, and the left and right pulmonary arteries enter the lung through the hilum and follow the Branching and branching repeatedly, the finer and thinner, and finally formed a capillary network surrounding the alveolar wall, gas exchange is performed here. Therefore, the pulmonary artery is a functional blood vessel that transports venous blood to the lungs, and the vessels of the vegetative lung come from the branch of the thoracic aorta (bronchial artery).

Aorta

The aorta is the main artery of the systemic circulation, so it is called the aorta, which is also the largest artery in the body. From the left ventricle, travel from the right side of the pulmonary artery to the front right and up, to the height of the right thoracic rib joint on the right, turn in an arcuate direction to the left and back to the left side of the lower edge of the 4th thoracic vertebra, and then turn downward, along the spine. Anterior descend to the height of the 12th thoracic vertebra, the aortic puncture that penetrates the diaphragm enters the abdominal cavity, and continues to descend from the front of the spine to the lower edge of the 4th lumbar vertebra. The left and right common iliac arteries and a small middle iliac artery. According to the running and location of the aorta, it can be divided into three sections: ascending aorta (ascending aorta), aortic arch, and descending aorta (descending aorta). The descending aorta is divided into the aortic rupture of the iliac crest and is divided into the thoracic aorta (aortic chest) and abdominal aorta (aortic abdomen).

Hepatic Arterial Catheter in Arterial Catheter

Hepatic artery catheters (HPI) have been clinically used for experimental treatment of liver metastases for more than 15 years. The application of HPI has achieved better results in targeted chemotherapy for liver metastases. Most of the blood supply of hepatic metastases comes from the hepatic artery. Administration via the hepatic artery can greatly increase the drug concentration in the liver metastases. In addition, administration via the hepatic artery can avoid the elimination of drug filtration by the liver during systemic intravenous chemotherapy. Effect, increase the utilization of the drug. The catheter is placed by abdominal surgery. Before the catheter is placed, an angiogram is performed to understand the local anatomy of the liver, because the vascular anatomy at this site varies greatly. The chemotherapy pump can be placed in the subcutaneous tissue outside the rectus abdominis muscle, and the catheter is placed in the proper hepatic artery. Cholecystectomy can prevent chemical cholecystitis caused by chemotherapy. After the operation, radiolabeled microalbumin was injected into the chemotherapy pump, and the distribution of the drug inside and outside the liver can be understood by radiography. Chemotherapy drugs can be injected into the liver via a chemotherapy pump bolus, drip, or continuous applicator. Generally, maintaining a certain drug concentration in the liver for a sufficient period of time can improve the effect of chemotherapy. Studies have shown that HPI chemotherapy has a better effect than systemic intravenous chemotherapy, but there are no large multicenter studies showing the exact effect.