What is the rumen?

Rumen is a stomach structure of the digestive system of certain animals, which is characterized as a harbinger of the chamber in which they live critically symbiotic microorganisms to initiate the decay of a specific diet of the animal. Animals that have this anatomy are commonly called pauunch, are called ruminants, and most of them are herbivores whose requirement for carbohydrates in food is supplied by plants that are difficult to digest. Much is known about the various organisms that are based in rumen, and their chemical roles in the digestive process, partly because many ruminous animals such as cows and sheep are important commercial livestock in many parts of the world.

"Reticularumen". Usually it is very large-bachor of a cow can have more than 25 gallons (94.6 liters) in the capacity-and its neighboring chamber of reticulum is about one tenth as large. Although the internal lining of these two varies, they have a unique function-for storage of chewing plant mass, while trillions of bacteria, one-stormThe correctional protozoa and other microbes decompose it, both for their own consumption and for hosts.

When grass and other plants are partially chewed with saliva and swallowed the esophagus neck, the muscle waves of the rumen contraction push the matter further into the reticularumumens, which continue to rhythmically, and so food behaves. With the complete intestine, the animal usually rests, re -chewing and re -swallowing the ingestion material in a process called rumination, commonly called "chewing cud". This is repeated in length, while some of the cattle spend up to six hours a day chewing. When the food breaks down sufficiently, the food is handed over to the chamber called Omasum, which pumps it on the truth of the animal, a small chamber called abomasum.

Rumen works as it is quite analogous to the gardener basket. In it is the mattress of fibrous plant clippings composed of large amounts of cellulose, long chain of molecules sugarU, which is distributed by an enzyme called cellulase, which is excreted by bacteria. Some of them are consumed by bacteria and other bacteria use simple sugars to start fermentation and break the plant proteins down into fatty acids, such as amino acid lactate necessary for the production of the host animal. Some of these essential nutrients are absorbed by a capillary lining of the reticulorumene directly into the bloodstream.

Several types of bacteria are involved, categorized as fibrolytic, amylolytic and proteolytic, based on their digestion of complex carbohydrates, simple sugars and proteins. Unimarned protozoa spends all three, especially consumption of bacteria. Mushrooms are less numerous are important for breaking chemical bonds between cellulose and substrates without carbohydrates. About 3 percent of microbial mass are archaea, type of anaerobic bacteria that metabolize hydrogen oxide and carbon dioxide on methane. Along with eventually liquefied plant plantThe material is also an inevitably spent host of ruminants for their vitamins, minerals and other nutrient content.

Bachor metabolism is an effective way to extract the energy of sugar in carbohydrates of cellulose diet. Ruminant animals have symbiotic stomach microbes that produce the required enzymes and are supplied with nutrients and environments necessary for their growth and multiplication. However, microbial anaerobic breathing and diet fermentation have an undesirable by -product. It is estimated that one cow exhales 74 gallons (280 liters) of greenhouse gas methane every day using a process called a process, otherwise known as pounding.