What are Some Methods of Power Generation?

Power generation refers to the conversion of hydropower, fossil fuel (coal, oil, natural gas, etc.) thermal energy, nuclear energy, solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, ocean energy, etc. into electrical energy using power generation power devices. At the end of the 20th century, many fossil fuels were used for power generation, but fossil fuel resources were scarce and gradually depleted. Humans have gradually used renewable energy sources (hydropower, solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, ocean energy, etc.) to generate electricity.

Since the 20th century, the demand for electricity has almost doubled every 10 years.

By the mid-1990s, the main forms of power generation were hydropower, thermal power, and nuclear power. The United States, Russia, Britain, Italy, China and other countries are mainly based on thermal power generation, and their power generation accounts for more than 70%. Thermal power in Japan and Germany accounts for over 60%. Hydropower generation in Norway, Switzerland, and Brazil each accounts for about 90% of total power generation, with Canada exceeding 60% and Sweden over 60%. Finland and Yugoslavia each have 1/2 of hydropower and thermal power. France is dominated by nuclear power, which accounts for more than 70% of total power generation.

From 1980 to 1986, the proportion of thermal power in the world decreased from 70.2% to 63.73% year by year. The proportion of hydropower decreased from 21.29% to 20.34%, and the proportion of nuclear power increased from 8.2% to 15.6%.

By the end of the 1980s, the main forms of power generation were

According to the type of energy, the power generating power device is divided into thermal power device, hydropower device, nuclear power device and other energy power devices. Thermal power plant consists of boiler, steam turbine and

Hydropower

The basic principle of hydropower is to use the water level drop,

By the end of 2013, China's power generation capacity is expected to reach about 1.23 billion kilowatts. The scale of power generation capacity is expected to leapfrog the world and the overall balance of power supply and demand nationwide.

The China Electricity Enterprise Federation released the "2013 National Power Supply and Demand Situation Analysis and Forecast Report" on the 28th. It is estimated that there will be about 87 million kilowatts of new installed capacity in the country in 2013, including about 40 million kilowatts of thermal power. It is estimated that by the end of 2013, the country's installed power generation capacity will be about 1.23 billion kilowatts, and the scale of installed power generation is expected to leap to the first in the world. Grid-connected solar energy is about 6 million kilowatts. ^[5]

Huaneng Group

China Huaneng Group Co., Ltd. is a state-owned enterprise reorganized on the basis of the former China Huaneng Group Co., Ltd. under the approval of the State Council. It is managed by the central government and approved by the State Council to conduct state-authorized investment institutions and state-controlled companies on a trial basis. According to the requirements of the State Council on the reform of the national power system, China Huaneng Group Corporation is an enterprise legal entity that operates independently, is responsible for its own profits and losses, and mainly operates the power industry.

In August 2016, China Huaneng Group Corporation ranked 47th in the "2016 Top 500 Chinese Enterprises". On July 12, 2017, China Huaneng Group Co., Ltd. was awarded Grade A of the 2016 SASAC Business Performance Assessment

Three Gorges Hydropower Station

The Three Gorges Hydropower Station, the Three Gorges Hydropower Project on the Yangtze River, is also known as the Three Gorges Project. The Xiling Gorge section of the Yangtze River and the downstream Gezhouba Hydropower Station in Yichang City, Hubei Province, China constitute a cascade power station.

The Three Gorges Hydropower Station is the largest hydropower station in the world and the largest engineering project ever constructed in China. Many problems such as immigration and environment caused by it have always been accompanied by huge controversy from the moment it was started. There are more than ten functions of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station, such as shipping, power generation, planting and so on. The Three Gorges Hydropower Station was approved for construction by the National People's Congress of China in 1992. Construction officially started in 1994. Water storage and power generation began in the afternoon of June 1, 2003, and all construction was completed in 2009.

The unit equipment is mainly composed of VGS consortium composed of German VOITH company, American General Electric (GE) company, German Siemens (SIEMENS) company, ALSTOM company of France, ALSTOM company, and Swiss ABB company. provide. When they signed the supply agreement, they had promised to transfer the relevant technology to the domestic motor manufacturing enterprises for free. The transmission and transformation system of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station is constructed and managed by the State Grid Corporation of China. It is estimated that a total of 15 500 kV high-voltage transmission lines will be installed to connect to the regional power grids.

The Three Gorges Hydropower Station has a dam elevation of 185 meters, a storage elevation of 175 meters, a reservoir length of 2,335 meters, a static investment of 135.266 billion yuan, and 32 hydropower units with a single unit capacity of 700,000 kilowatts. The last hydropower unit of the Three Gorges Power Station was put into operation on July 4, 2012. This means that the Three Gorges Hydropower Station with an installed capacity of 22.4 million kilowatts has become the world's largest hydropower station and clean energy production base on July 4, 2012. .

Gezhouba Hydropower Station

Gezhouba Water Conservancy Hub It is located at the end of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River in Yichang City, Hubei Province, China, and is 2.3 kilometers downstream of the Nanjin Pass of the Three Gorges Exit. It is the first large-scale hydropower station on the Yangtze River and the largest low-head, large-flow, runoff hydropower station in the world. Construction was started in May 1971, stopped in December 1972, resumed in October 1974, and completed in December 1988. The dam is a dam with a maximum dam height of 47 meters and a total storage capacity of 1.58 billion cubic meters. The total installed capacity is 2.715 million kilowatts, of which Erjiang Hydropower Station installed two 170 thousand kilowatts and five 125,000 kilowatt units; Dajiang Hydropower Station installed 14 125,000 kilowatt units. The average annual power generation is 14 billion kilowatt hours. The first 170,000 kilowatt unit was put into operation on July 30, 1981.

The Gezhouba project has comprehensive benefits such as power generation and improved navigation channels. The installed capacity of the power station is 2.715 million kilowatts, and the output is guaranteed to be 768,000 kilowatts when operating alone. The annual power generation is 15.7 billion kilowatt-hours. ·Time). The power station is integrated into the Central China Power Grid with 500 kV and 220 kV transmission lines and transmits 1.2 million kilowatts of electricity to Shanghai at a distance of 1,000 kilometers through a 500 kV DC transmission line.

110 to 180 kilometers of backwater in the reservoir area has improved the shipping conditions of the Chuanjiang River. The total storage capacity of the reservoir is 1.58 billion cubic meters, due to shipping restrictions; in 2013, there was no peak regulation by flood regulation. After the completion of the Three Gorges Project, it can counter-regulate the uneven flow of the Three Gorges Project due to flood discharge, with an anti-regulation storage capacity of 85 million cubic meters.

Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant

Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant is the first 300,000 kilowatt pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant designed, constructed and operated by China. It is located in Haiyan County, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province. It is 100% controlled by China National Nuclear Corporation, and Qinshan Nuclear Power Company is responsible for operation management.

Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant uses the world's most mature pressurized water reactor. The nuclear island uses three barriers: fuel cladding, pressure shell and containment shell. It can withstand internal pressure, high temperature and various natural disasters caused by extreme accidents. The first phase started in 1985 and was completed and put into operation in 1991. The annual power generation is 1.7 billion kWh. The second phase of the project will expand two 600,000 kilowatt generating units on the original site, and construction has begun in 1996. The third phase of the project is a collaboration between the Chinese and Canadian governments, using heavy water reactor technology provided by Canada, to build two 700,000 kilowatt generating units, completed in 2003.

At 17:00 on January 12, 2015, Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant Extension Project Fangjiashan Nuclear Power Project Unit 2 was successfully connected to the grid for power generation. At this point, all the existing nine units of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Base have been put into production, with a total installed capacity of 6.564 million kilowatts and an annual power generation of about 50 billion kilowatt hours. It has become the nuclear power base with the largest number of nuclear power units, the most abundant reactors and the largest installed capacity in China .

Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station

Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant is located in Dapeng Peninsula (22 ° 5942.19 north latitude, 114 ° 5474.01 east longitude ) in the Dapeng Peninsula, Dapeng New District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. The distance from Tsim Sha Tsui in Hong Kong is 51 kilometers. It is invested by Guangdong Nuclear Power Co., Ltd. and Hong Kong Nuclear Power Investment Co., Ltd., a joint venture for construction and operation, is under the jurisdiction of China National Nuclear Corporation and owns two million-kilowatt pressurized water reactor units. 70% of the electricity produced is supplied to Hong Kong and 30% to Guangdong. The Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant started construction in 1987 and was officially put into commercial operation on May 6, 1994. Since then, the Ling'ao Nuclear Power Plant has been built on the side of the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station. The two together form a large nuclear power base. Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station is the first large-scale commercial nuclear power plant in mainland China, and it is also the first nuclear power plant on the mainland to be constructed using foreign technology and funds.

In November 2016, Daya Bay won the 16th National Quality Award.

Major power companies

Five major power generation groups: China's five major power generation groups refer to China Huaneng Group Corporation, China Datang Corporation, China Huadian Corporation, China Guodian Corporation, China Power Investment Corporation. The five major power generation groups all adhere to the focus on electricity and actively develop the upstream and downstream industries of electricity, forming a reasonable and complementary industrial chain to serve the company's development strategy.

State Grid Corporation: State Grid Corporation of China , referred to as State Grid and State Grid for short, was established on December 29, 2002. It is a state-authorized investment agency and a pilot unit of a state-controlled company approved by the State Council.

The company, as an important state-owned backbone enterprise related to national energy security and the lifeblood of the national economy, takes the construction and operation of power grids as its core business, and undertakes the basic mission of ensuring a safer, more economical, cleaner, and sustainable power supply. Its operating area covers the whole country. In 26 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), covering 88% of the country's land area, the power supply population exceeds 1.1 billion people, and the company employs more than 1.86 million people.

The company operates in countries and regions including the Philippines, Brazil, Portugal, and Australia. From 2016 to 2017, the company ranked 2nd in the Fortune Global 500 [1], and is the world's largest utility company.

The company implements the general manager responsibility system, and the general manager is the legal representative of the company.