What are some plants adaptations to herbivorous?

Plants develop adaptations against herbivore, if herbivores existed, from 420 million years (in late Silurian) or even earlier. The earliest fossils of plants dates back to 510 and 450 million years, during the late period Cambrian and Ordovician. The oldest fossils of herbivores (Millipedes) date back to 428 million years, during the middle Silurian, so there could be a period during which plants could exist without developing adaptation against herbivoria. Category: Avoiding or repeling herbivores (antixenosis), tolerating herbivore and regeneration quickly or leading herbivores to absorb insignificant parts, summoning the natural enemies of the herbivores or direct confrontation; producing toxins to kill herbivorous or decrease ITS own digestibility (antibiosis). Since the insects were the most important herbivores in the entire evolutionary history, most of the defensive defense plants are against them, although some plants adaptationsThey focus on herbivorous on herbivore vertebrates, such as birds or mammals.

Consider three obvious examples of plants adaptation to herbivorous. There is a poisonous ivy produced by Urushiol oil, which causes contact dermatitis in many animals, including humans. One brush with a poisonous ivy and a clock of itching later, the plant is likely to be left alone. Another adaptation of plants against herbalance is demonstrated by beautiful purple foxes that produce numerous deadly chemicals. Even a small nibbling of the stems at the top of the fox is enough to cause nausea, vomiting, wild hallucinations, diarrhea, abdominal pain, delirium, severe headaches and death. A milder example of the adaptation of plants against herbalance is demonstrated by roses that are protected against herbivore thorns.

Some plants produce chemicals aimed at defending withE against herbivores who are largely harmless for people, but cause interesting psychoactive effects. This includes a marijuana that has been smoked by people from prehistoric times, a caffeine that consumes 90% of adults in North America a day, and an opium used to produce morphine, an important painkiller.