What are the Effects of Global Warming?

Global warming is a phenomenon related to nature. It is due to the continuous accumulation of the greenhouse effect, resulting in an imbalance in the energy absorbed and emitted by the geogas system. Energy is continuously accumulated in the geogas system, which leads to temperature rises and global warming .

From 1981 to 1990, the average global temperature increased by 0.48 ° C over 100 years ago. The main cause of global warming is that humans have used a large amount of fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, etc.) for nearly a century, and emitted a large number of greenhouse gases such as CO ₂ . These greenhouse gases cause global warming. In the 20th century, the average temperature around the world rose by about 0.6 degrees Celsius. In the northern hemisphere, the spring snow and ice thawing period is 9 days earlier than 150 years ago, while the autumn frost starts about 10 days later. The 1990s was the warmest decade since the temperature recording began in the mid-19th century, and the hottest years on record were: 1998, 2002, 2003, 2001, and 1997.

UN measures after warming

To stop global warming, the United Nations

During the 20th to 21st century, the global average temperature experienced four fluctuations: cold warm cold warm. Generally speaking, the temperature

Scientists have come up with an idea to build an artificial space ring composed of small particles or spaceships around the earth to shield the tropical sunlight and regulate the temperature of the earth.

Some opponents believe that this idea will definitely have some side effects. A band of particles that can effectively scatter sunlight will make every night sky as bright as when it is at the full moon; and the budget will be astonishingly high. Reaching 6 trillion to 200 trillion U.S. dollars, even NASA, the world's most adequately funded research institution, cannot afford it. If the scattering particles are changed to spacecraft, the budget may be less, and it is estimated that it can be reduced to 500 billion Around USD.

Since the birth of the earth, the temperature of the atmosphere has risen and fallen several degrees, and various factors such as solar radiation, cloud cover and greenhouse gases have once or are affecting our climate. If you surround the earth

carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide is a colorless, slightly pungent and slightly acidic gas at room temperature and pressure. The CO ₂ molecule has 16 valence electrons and the ground state is a linear molecule, which belongs to the Dh point group. The carbon-oxygen bond length in CO ₂ molecule is 116pm, which is between the carbon-oxygen double bond (

Tuvalu, the beautiful island nation in the South Pacific, is likely to be the first country to "sink". After 50 years, the country's meteorological bureau has estimated that sea levels will rise by 37.6 cm, which means that at least 60% of Tuvalu's land will sink completely into the sea. This means death for Tuvalu, because at high tide Tuvalu will not have any piece of land exposed on the sea.

As the temperature rises, the "Xanadu" Maldives, located in the Indian Ocean, has died in a handful of times. On October 17, 2009, the Cabinet of Maldives held the world's first "Underwater Cabinet Meeting", highlighting the threat of global warming to this country.

Kiribati is the earliest place to meet the sunrise on the earth, and it is also the only country in the world that spans the northern and southern hemispheres and the eastern and western hemispheres. However, with global warming and rising sea levels, there is no escape from doom. On April 30, 2010, two islands in Kiribati had been swallowed up by the sea, and the highest place was only 6 feet above sea level.

Tanzania is located in the eastern part of the African continent, facing the Indian Ocean in the east. The people there will also be the earliest "villages" in the global village to withstand the consequences of climate warming. The country's environment minister said: "The impact of climate change is becoming increasingly apparent, with 80% of glaciers in Kilimanjaro disappearing in the past 50 years."

The Latin American country Barbados is located in the Eastern Caribbean Sea. Strong hurricanes, coral bleaching, coastal erosion, water stress ... temperature rises have caused too much trouble for the island nation.

The cabinet of the Nepalese government held a meeting in the mid-mountain of Mount Everest in 2009-more than 5,000 meters above sea level-to draw world attention to its problems.

Global warming has severely negatively affected Bangladesh, located in the delta, making it one of the worst victims in the world. "It is estimated that by 2050, 20 million Bangladeshis will be forced to leave their homes due to the impact of climate change."

Speaking of his country, Vietnam s Deputy Minister of Natural Resources and Environment said: Floods, typhoons, droughts and other disasters are becoming more frequent and more serious. From this perspective, climate change is also affecting Vietnam.

The Minister of Water Resources and Irrigation, Kenya said, "Our country has suffered severe water shortages due to prolonged drought, and water rationing will be implemented in the capital Nairobi. As a chain reaction, hydropower generation is also affected (70% of Kenya's electricity For hydropower generation), and therefore, power distribution has to be implemented across the country. "

Bhutan faces similar threats. The chairman of its environmental committee said: "Especially for mountainous countries like Bhutan, river and lake breakwaters are likely to cause floods at any time."

The Rwandan Minister of Environment stated: "As a country vulnerable to climate change, we need to have a good understanding of climate change and a full understanding of its negative effects ^[8]

In 2012, 16 scientists jointly published an article questioning the theory that carbon dioxide causes global warming.

Nobel laureate and physicist in September 2011

"Paris Agreement" officially enters into force, experts say the effect will start to appear from 2020 ^[11]

CCTV, Beijing, November 5 News According to the Voice of China "Global Chinese Broadcasting Network" reported yesterday that the Paris Agreement on Climate Change officially entered into force, a historic step for global climate governance after 2020. UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said at the UN headquarters in New York: Humankind has made history in tackling climate change. ^[11]

Ban Ki-moon said: "Today we have created a history of mankind and the fight against climate change. The landmark Paris Agreement has come into effect. All member states warmly welcome this moment. It is a day to remember for all. . "

On April 22, 2016, the Paris Agreement was officially signed by 175 countries. According to data provided by France, the president of the Paris Climate Conference, as of November 1, a total of 92 parties have ratified the Paris Agreement, and their greenhouse gas emissions account for 65.82% of the global total. Threshold.

If you look at the Paris Agreement, you will find that the following figures and targets are the most critical: 2 degrees Celsius-a large goal set by the Paris Agreement is to control the global average temperature rise to less than 2 degrees Celsius before the industrial revolution. Strive to control at 1.5 degrees Celsius.

Net Zero Emissions-The Paris Agreement mentioned that to reach the peak of global greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible, the most important thing is to let the world achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions by the second half of this century.

40 billion tons-According to the Paris Agreement, global greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced to 40 billion tons in 2030, which is 10 billion tons lower than the amount of global greenhouse gas emissions of 50 billion tons in 2010. It is important to know that No small challenge.

Inventory every five years-Starting from 2023, an overall inventory of global actions will be conducted every five years to encourage countries to strengthen their own actions, strengthen international cooperation, and achieve the long-term goal of global response to climate change. At the same time, the Paris Agreement also insists on common but differentiated responsibilities, that is, developed countries should assume more responsibilities to help developing countries mitigate and adapt to climate change. ^[11]

On November 4, Chinese President Xi Jinping sent a letter to UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon to congratulate the Paris Agreement on Climate Change.

Xi Jinping pointed out that with the joint efforts of all parties, the Paris Agreement officially entered into force on November 4, becoming one of the fastest international treaties to ratify in history. China expresses heartfelt congratulations on this.

Xi Jinping emphasized that since the Paris Agreement was reached in December 2015, the international community is committed to promoting the agreement to enter into force as soon as possible. China signed the agreement on the first day of the signing of the Paris Agreement on April 22 this year, and ratified the agreement on September 3. As the chair country, China has promoted the G-20 s first presidential statement on climate change, which has provided political support for the signing of the Paris Agreement.

Xi Jinping emphasized that the Paris Agreement opened a new stage of global cooperation in tackling climate change. China adheres to the development concepts of innovation, coordination, greenness, openness and sharing, and will vigorously promote the development of a green and low-carbon cycle and take effective actions to address climate change. China is full of confidence in the global climate governance process in the next stage, and is willing to strengthen communication and cooperation with all parties to contribute to building a win-win cooperation, fair and reasonable global climate governance mechanism.

At present, the Paris Agreement has officially entered into force, but there are still some countries that have not yet completed their domestic ratification procedures. Zou Min, deputy director of the National Center for Climate Change Strategic Research and International Cooperation, pointed out that the effects of the core content of the agreement will gradually begin to appear after 2020. One of the most direct effects of the entry into force of the Paris Agreement is to give policymakers, relevant disputers, and some investors a stable expectation. After 2020, the direction and goals of the policy should be determined. Long-term investors can arrange their investment directions, investment fields and investment hot spots in accordance with policy expectations. In addition, it has promoted other countries that have not ratified the Paris Agreement.

From November 7th to 18th, the 22nd Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change will be held in Marrakesh. At the same time, the 12th Conference of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol and the first of the Paris Agreement will be held. Conference of the Parties.

Zou Yan said that during the meeting, more countries are expected to ratify the Paris Agreement one after another. One of the main goals of this conference is to implement the commitments made by developed countries in 2010: to require developed countries to raise 100 billion US dollars for developing countries by 2020. The "Cancun Agreement" was signed in 2010, and it has been more than 6 years since then. The progress has not been satisfactory. The implementation of this event by this conference is also expected.

At the beginning of September, during the "G20 Leaders' Summit" held in Hangzhou, China took the lead in depositing the instruments of ratification of the Paris Agreement with UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon. Within the framework of the Paris Agreement, China has also set four major emission reduction targets: first, by 2030, China s carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will be 60% to 65% lower than in 2005; second, by 2030 , The proportion of non-fossil energy in the total energy should be increased to about 20%; third, China's carbon dioxide emissions should reach a peak around 2030, and strive to reach the peak as soon as possible; fourth, increase forest accumulation and increase Carbon sinks. By 2030, China's forest reserves will increase by 4.5 billion cubic meters compared with 2005. ^[11]