What are the Major Groups of Reptile?

Amphibians and reptiles are primitive terrestrial vertebrates, the first terrestrial vertebrates to breathe in the air. It can be inferred from the fossils that they appeared in the late Devonian period, 360 million years ago. Evolved directly from fish, the emergence of these animals represents a transition period from aquatic to terrestrial. Amphibians have gills at the beginning of their lives and gradually evolve into lungs when they grow into adults. Amphibians can live on land and in water at the same time. They have both new traits adapted to terrestrial life and traits adapted to aquatic life inherited from fish ancestors. There are also books of the same name.

There are many types of amphibians and reptiles. Chaping and Gaochuan have the most mountainous areas. Followed by the piedmont water, Xiaoba, Songzao, Anchang, Yongan and other piedmont zones, as well as the vast hilly areas, are distributed. It has been identified that 15 families, 25 genera, 41 species accounted for about one-third of the province's 154 species, and the Chinese giant salamander is a national second-class protected animal. Also known as "baby fish", amphibians, cryptogillidae, dorsal brown ochre, large black spots, and pale belly. Inhabit the clear streams of the valley and feed on fish and frog shrimp. Echinoderm turbulent frogs and Sichuan dragon lizards have been found in Hangou, such as Chaping River, Anchang River, Xiushui River, and Tashui River. Echinoderm Turtle Frog: Amphibianidae. The body is about 50 mm slender and the back is purple-brown. The male frog has many small white spines on the back, and the female frog has relatively few small spines. There are a few green spots on the head and back. The body side is green, and the ventral surface and the ventral surface of the limbs are milky white. They live in a spring hole beside a mountain stream. Distributed in Weiziping, Gaochuan Township, Gaochuan Township, 1400 meters above sea level, Professor Cheng Cheng Liu and Cheng Cheng Zhu from Chengdu Huaxi Xiehe University found that the county was the origin of the echinoderma turbulent frog world model specimen of Sichuan dragon lizards: reptiles, iguanidae. It is 124 mm long and has a dark brown overall back. Miscellaneous with light yellow-green plaques, with the yellow-green plaques on both sides of the middle of the back as the largest, slightly square. The back of the tail is dark brown and the earth brown is ring-shaped. The ventral surface is light brown or black. It inhabits near woods or on tree trunks at an altitude of about 900 meters and feeds on insects. Distributed in Shuangdian Village, Xiaohezi and other places in Chaping Township ^[1]

Amphibians are the most primitive

As the first to land

Amphibians and reptiles are mostly in the middle layer of the trophic level of the ecosystem, which is an important link in the process of ecosystem material circulation and energy flow. Therefore, its species, quantity, and ecological status can often reflect the level of ecosystem biomass and food chain status, which is an important basis for evaluating the status of ecosystems.

After several investigations and specimen collections in the past 10 years, there are 10 species or subspecies of amphibian found in Neilingding Island, accounting for about 21% of 47 species (or subspecies) of amphibians in the mainland of Guangdong Province (Tian Wanshu et al., 1986): It belongs to 1 order, 4 families and 5 genera, all of which belong to the order Auropoda, including 1 species of toadidae, 5 species of frogs, 1 species of tree frogs, and 3 species of frogs. National second-class protected speciesNinglingding Island reptiles total 3 species, 10 families, 21 genera, 26 species, turtles, 1 family, 2 species, and three-line closed shell turtles are national second-class protected species; lizards, 4 families, 8 species, and weirs are The species with the largest number of individuals on the island; 16 species of 6 families in the order Snake, of which python is a national first-class protected species, and Phalaenopsis is the most widely distributed species on the island, covering almost the entire island.

Of the 10 species of amphibians found in Neilingding Island, there are 9 species belonging to the Eastern Ocean, accounting for 90% of the species, and only one species (Zebra frog), which is widely distributed in the Eastern Ocean and Paleo-Northern boundary, accounts for 10 %. Of the 9 species of amphibians belonging to the Eastern World, two species are mainly distributed in South China (Taipei frog and Narrow-flowered frog subspecies), accounting for 20% of the species; the common species widely distributed in Central and South China are 7 species (black-toaded toad, biogas frog, tiger frog, Japanese wood frog subspecies, spot-legged tree frog, flower frog, decorative frog), 70% of the number of species: It can be seen that the Neilingding Island flora The main constituents are the species common in South China and East China in the Eastern Ocean, followed by endemic species in South China in the Eastern Ocean. Due to the lack of an effective natural barrier between the Central and Southern China regions of the Eastern Ocean, and the mountain ranges in Guangdong Province show a northeast-southwest trend, it is conducive to the mutual penetration of species between southern and central China. As a result, there is a widespread overlap in species distribution in the central and southern regions of the province. However, from north to south in Central China and South China, the total species gradually decreased, and the endemic species in South China gradually increased. In the composition of the amphibian fauna in Neilingding Island, the common species in South China and Central China dominate (70%), and the endemic species in South China also have a considerable proportion (20%), but there are no species in the ancient northern boundary and central China. . Therefore, the fauna characteristics of the amphibians in Neilingding Island are consistent with those of the amphibians in Guangdong Province. The composition of the amphibian fauna not only reflects the characteristics of the species in South China, but it is also very obvious. It shows the transition between central and southern China.

At the same time, of the 26 reptiles in Neilingding Island, there are 25 species of the Eastern Ocean, accounting for 96% of the species. There are only one species (turtle) distributed in the Paleo-Northern and Eastern Oceans. There are 13 endemic species, accounting for 52% of the Eastern Ocean species; a total of 12 species distributed in South China and Central China, accounting for approximately 46% of the Eastern Ocean species. Therefore, the fauna composition of the reptiles in Neilingding Island is dominated by the species of South China in the Eastern Ocean, followed by the common species of South China and East China. The composition of Lingding Island reptile flora shows the characteristics of the South China area of the Eastern Ocean while showing the transition between Central and South China ^[3]

Great tadpole, oriental tadpole, flower-backed toad, big toad, spotless tree frog, Japanese wood frog, frog, black-spotted frog, money frog, anal frog, tiger frog, decorative frog, northern narrow-mouthed frog, turtle , Yellow-margined Closed Turtle, Cormorant, Webless Gecko, Blue-tailed Stone Dragon Dragon, Serpentine, Lizardama, Mountain Lizard, Northern Grass Lizard, Red-chained Snake, Yellow-chained Snake, Double-spotted Golden Snake, King Jinshe , Jade spotted snake, red spotted snake, black eyed snake, rusty chain snake, bird snake, grass snake, tabby snake, green snake, black-headed sword snake, black snake, viper, cauliflower iron head. Among them, the yellow chain snake is a new record of reptiles found in Henan Province ^[4]

Basic information about amphibians and reptiles

Name: Haining Longtouge Amphibian Reptile Research Institute.
Director: Jiang Zhanglin Research interests: Amphibian and reptile breeding, research, and medicinal product development.
Research projects: meat turtles, ornamental and medicinal Chinese tortoises, crocodile turtles, crocodile turtles, green hair turtles, Brazilian turtles, yellow-throated water turtles, three-line closed turtles, brocade turtles, western turtles, eastern turtles, Brazilian tortoise, peacock tortoise, tortoise tortoise, tortoise, flower tortoise, map turtle, tortoise, tortoise, toad, toad cake, toad clothing.
Product trademark: "Dragon Head Pavilion".
Incorporation Date: 2001-9

Amphibian and reptile

Haining Agriculture Exhibition Network 2010-12-10 report: Haining Longtouge Amphibian Reptile Research Institute has long been committed to the research on the use of turtles, toads and other amphibians and reptiles. It has a breeding area of 51 acres and is the largest amphibious reptile in Zhejiang Province. Class Breeding Research Institute.

What amphibian and reptiles should do

Haining Nongzhanwang 2010-12-10 reported: The professional and technical personnel of the institute authored professional technical works such as "Turtle Scientific Breeding", "Answers to Turtle Breeding Techniques", "Meat Turtles and Ornamental Turtle Breeding" and other national technical publishing houses. More than 60,000 volumes and more than 200 published papers. In September 2001, the turtle and toad products cultivated by the institute were rated as "Jiaxing Agricultural Expo Famous Brand Product" by the Jiaxing Municipal Government. On November 19, 2001, the director of the institute, Jiang Zhanglin, invented a new type of patent "toad clothing collector" (patent number: ZL01210442.6). In March 2002, the institute's turtles, toads and other products were approved by Zhejiang Science and Technology Association, Zhejiang The Provincial Enterprise Federation, Zhejiang Science and Technology News Agency, and Zhejiang Provincial Excellent Science and Technology Product Promotion Office jointly recommend it as: "Zhejiang Excellent Science and Technology Product". On April 20, 2002, it hosted the second National Toad Breeding Development Exchange Conference sponsored by Market Information News, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, and others. In 2008, it was appraised as "Top Ten Excellent Enterprises in Health Food Industry in Zhejiang Province" by Zhejiang Quality and Brand Technical Supervision and Investigation Organizing Committee. In 2012, it was identified as "Zhejiang Consumers' Recognized Integrity Demonstration Research Institute" by Zhejiang Management Consulting Association. Created a precedent for continuous toad ridging of living toads and resolved the contradiction between the collection of traditional Chinese medicine and ecological environmental protection.