What is a Chemical Spill?

Generally refers to substances or fluids that should not flow out or leak out of the industry and cause losses outside the machinery and equipment, which is called leakage.

Leaks are a common phenomenon and they are everywhere. People often say

Leak source models can be divided into three types: leak models for sealed components, leak models for storage tanks or pipes, and leak models for pressure relief components, depending on the location, form, and characteristics of the leak source.

There are two main reasons for the leak:

First, due to the results of mechanical processing, the surface of mechanical products must have various defects and deviations in shape and size, so gaps will inevitably occur at the joints of mechanical parts;

The second is that there is a pressure difference between the two sides of the seal, and the working medium will leak through the gap. Eliminating or reducing either factor can prevent or reduce leaks. For general equipment, reducing or eliminating gaps is the main way to prevent leaks.

For the sealing of the vacuum system, in addition to the above-mentioned sealing medium leaking directly through the sealing surface, the following two leakage forms must also be considered:

1. Leakage: The leakage of the sealed medium through the capillaries of the seal material under the effect of pressure difference is called leakage;

2. Diffusion: That is, under the action of concentration difference, the transfer of material generated by the sealed medium through the sealing gap or the capillary of the sealing material is called diffusion. It is customarily called "gassing of sealing material" in vacuum systems. First, the seal absorbs gas through adsorption, and the gas diffuses in the seal and precipitates from the other side of the seal. The amount of leaked gas in a vacuum seal is related to factors such as seal type, seal material, sealing surface processing accuracy, and assembly quality. In chemical production, most of the materials used have flammable, explosive, poisonous and harmful hazardous properties. Once leakage occurs for some reason, the leaked materials will diffuse in the atmosphere under the action of concentration gradients and wind. The diffusion range can be used to estimate the impact range, hazardous nature, and extent of the leaked material. For example, within a large area, it is a fire and explosion danger area, and within a large area, it is an acute poisoning lethal area. Outside of such a large area, it is an area without obvious toxicity. The estimation of the diffusion mode can provide scientific references for the determination of the degree of danger, the control of the fire source after the accident, and the clearing of the evacuation area. ^[4]