What is the genome?
Genom is defined as all deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which is inside the cell. This includes DNA in mitochondria and chromosomes inside the cell core. DNA transmits instructions to create and maintain cells that make up every person. The complete set of instructions is called genome.
Many people wonder the purpose of the genome. It contains 46 DNA volumes called chromosomes - 23 from the mother of the person and 23 from the father of the person. Chromosomes provide instruction that allows you to develop one cell from embryo to adults with more than 100 trillion cells. DNA also gives cells to respond to various stimuli throughout the life of man, such as how to respond to bacteria, pollutants and food. DNA forms twisted double helix, consisting of about 3 billion pairs of nucleotides - adenosine, cytosine, thymine and guanine.
The four nucleotides that make up DNA make the genome of each person unique. In addition, the way the nucleotides are strung together, creating specific genes and telling the cells to make a certainproteins. Thousands and thousands of proteins are necessary to create humans and each genome contains approximately 20,500 genes.
The human genome project was an international research project. The aim was to sequence and map all genes in the human body. It was completed in 2003 and gave scientists a chance to look at the whole map, what is needed to build a human being, from a genetic point of view. There are several small gaps; However, until scientists can invent newer technologies, these gaps will remain empty.
New research projects are constantly in genome works. Scientists are now enthusiastic about comparative genomic. The comparative genomics compared the genomic sequences of several different organisms such as humans, mice, yeast Aopice. By comparing the human genome with genomes from other species, scientists identify differences and similarity. The aim is to help scientists learn more about how human genes fThey do not, and thus fight human diseases.
As with many scientific research projects, genome studies can cause some moral issues. When scientists learn more about evolution from human study, it can affect opinions on gender and race. It can also give new factors that need to be considered in terms of identity and what it means to be human and increase social, moral, psychological and ethical question for current and future generations.