What is the minisatellite?
The miniselite is a small part of macromolecule deoxyribonucle (DNA) responsible for coding and transmission of human genetic characteristics. This molecule consists of a ladder similar to the structure of alternating pairs of phosphate and deoxyribosis. In the case of a miniselite, there are often only 10 to 60 pairs of bases, but sometimes 100 or more may be present. It is known that these minisators exist in more than 1,000 locations in the human genome that encodes all the genetic properties of the organism. Wyman and R. White at the National Institute of Health (NIH) in the United States in 1980. This led to their use for the practice of fingerprints of DNA in forensic crimes soon. Later they were found as hypervariable or hypermutable, with a basic average mutation of up to 20%. This classified the miniselite as the oldest area of the human genome.
The microsatellite parts of the DNA also exist where genetic sequences are composed of only two to five pairs of bases. Since both minisatellite and microsatellite STRUKTURS are highly variable and have a high level of mutation, often used in various research. The purposes for which they are used are the legal identification of the individual's genetic parents, the mapping of genetic changes in the human population and the study of cancer. Long fields of minisatellite, which have a length of more than 100 pairs of bases, are considered very unstable. Research in mice has shown that they have up to 100% mutation speed, especially in the brain part of the brain.
The reason why the Ministelite DNA is considered unstable is that it is a repeated sequence of DNA pairs of bases that do not seem to encode any expressed genetic properties. These miniselite molecules are present in wide deviations of animals and other organisms such as bacteria. Like the introns, which are also non -coding DNA segments, the miniselite DNA does not serve any understood function. However, they were associated with disorders such as Huntington's disease and various cancer.
one possible purpose for miniselite DNA mCan be a role they play, where they exist at the end of telomers. Telomer is a DNA segment at the end of the chromosome, which is used to protect the chromosome from damage and from the loss of genetic coding sequences used in the cell division process. It is known that shortening of telomeres contributes to the aging process and laboratory experiments to extend the length of telomers allowed to maintain healthy cells after normal life. In fact, the enzyme of telomerase, which maintains telomers, is also activated by cancer cells, giving them the level of virtual immortality.