What is a mitochondrial genome?
Mitochondrial genome is a collection of genetic information carried in mitochondria, organelleles found in the cells of eukaryotic organisms such as humans and other complex animals. This DNA is separated from the bottom carried in the chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell, which forms most of the overall genome of the body. Scientists investigating the genetic inheritance sequenced the mitochondrial genome of a number of organisms, including humans to collect information about this relatively unique aspect of genetics.
several functions distinguish the mitochondrial genome in the body. First, she is inherited only by a mother who can have useful consequences for monitoring generation changes, relationships and inheritance. In addition, it has an unusually high level of mutation compared to the chromosomal genome. Furthermore, it is considered to be traces of DNA from organisms that were once completely independent, and later absorbed by early living cells for the purpose of providing symbiotic benefits.
37 genes are transmitted in the mitochondrial genome. Bears information that mitochondria uses toFulfillment of its primary function, which is generation of energy for cellular activities. Mitochondria can produce several key proteins, RNA transmission and ribosomal RNA using plans found in their DNA. The sequencing of the mitochondrial genome can provide useful traces to heritage not only inside the species, but in the whole evolutionary history. For example, scientists used this DNA to monitor groups of people to free common female ancestors.
Studiesmay also be important for understanding mitochondrial disorders. These conditions may be caused by errors in mitochondrial DNA, which erode the function of these important organelles. Without the functioning of mitochondria, cells may not be able to perform key tasks. In people with lebbermědic optical neuropathy, such as loss of vision, in childhood until early adulthood due to incorrect mitochondria. Women can pass the condition to their children but men will not be because mitochondriáThe genome is only carried in eggs, not sperm.
Public databases provide information about mitochondrial DNA from the range of organisms. These databases can help scientists identify individual genes and allow them to compare genes from healthy and sick organisms to seek specific errors in DNA that lead to genetic conditions. Scientists in fields such as gene therapy can use this information to determine whether DNA can be repaired to restore functionality and can use it for embryonic diagnosis and screening to check symptoms of common genetic disorders.