What Is a Polypeptide?

Polypeptides are compounds formed by -amino acids linked together by peptide bonds, and are intermediate products of protein hydrolysis. A compound formed by dehydration condensation of two amino acid molecules is called a dipeptide, and analogously there are a tripeptide, a tetrapeptide, and a pentapeptide. A compound usually formed by dehydration condensation of 10 to 100 amino acid molecules is called a polypeptide.

Peptide is a compound formed by -amino acids connected by peptide bonds. It is also an intermediate product of protein hydrolysis.

Generally, the number of amino acids contained in a peptide is two to nine. Depending on the number of amino acids in the peptide, the peptide has various names: from two

There are two types of peptides: biologically active peptides and synthetic peptides.

Cytokine mimetic peptide

The use of known cytokine receptors to screen cytokine mimetic peptides from peptide libraries has become a hot topic at home and abroad in recent years. Mimic peptides of various growth factors such as human erythropoietin, human thrombopoietin, human growth hormone, human nerve growth factor and interleukin have been screened abroad. The amino acid sequence of these simulated peptides and the amino acids of their corresponding cytokines The sequences are different, but they have cytokine activity and have the advantage of small molecular weight. These cytokine mimetic peptides are in the preclinical or clinical research phase.

Antibacterial active peptide

When insects are stimulated by the external environment, they produce a large number of cationic peptides with antibacterial activity. More than a hundred kinds of antibacterial peptides have been screened. In vivo and in vitro experiments have confirmed that multiple antibacterial peptides not only have strong bactericidal ability but also kill tumor cells. ^[1]

Immunoactive peptides, neuroactive peptides, other active peptides, etc.

Other active peptides include: cholesterol peptides, peptides that promote mineral absorption (CPPS), enzyme modulators (such as tryptase peptides), hormone peptides such as growth hormone releasing factor (GRFS), albumin insulin potentiating peptides, antibacterial peptides ( Such as nisin, rubber), anti-cancer peptides (such as tumor cell necrosis factor, cyclohexeptide), anti-AIDS peptides (such as GLQ protein) and so on.

The active peptide mainly controls the growth, development, immune regulation and metabolism of the human body. It is in a state of equilibrium in the human body. If the active peptide decreases, the body's function changes significantly. For children, his growth and development become slow. Even if it stops, it will form a dwarf for a long time. For adults or the elderly, the lack of active peptides will reduce its own immunity, metabolic disorders, endocrine disorders, and cause various diseases such as insomnia, body wasting or edema. Because the active peptide also acts on the nervous system, the human body will become sluggish, and the brain will no longer be smart. More importantly, the active peptide will decrease, which will directly cause the overall aging of various parts of the human body and cause various diseases.

At different ages, the secretion amount of various active peptides also varies greatly. According to the secretion amount, a person's life can generally be divided into:

Secretion adequacy period (youth before 25 years of age) During this period, the endocrine volume is balanced, the immune function is strong, and the human body is generally not prone to disease;

Insufficient secretion period (imbalance period) (30-50 years old and middle age)

Many active substances in the human body exist in the form of peptides. Peptides are involved in human hormones, nerves,

Peptide health foods only need to be placed in a cool and dry place.

Peptide reagents and peptide drugs need to be stored in a desiccator. The lyophilized peptides can be left at room temperature before they are exposed to the air. This will reduce the effect of humidity. When freeze drying is not possible, the best method is to store it in small working samples. For peptide reagents containing Cys, Met or TrP, deoxidizing buffer is necessary to dissolve them, because this peptide reagent is easily oxidized by air. Before sealing the bottle, it slowly flows through

The solvent of choice for most peptides is ultrapure pumped water. Dilute acetic acid or ammonia is important for the dissolution of basic or acidic peptides, respectively. These methods insoluble peptides require

The specific synthesis consists of the following cycles:

Enzymatic peptides are peptides obtained by proteolytic degradation of proteins.

Peptide beans obtained by protease degradation of animal proteins such as egg protein, milk protein, casein, fish protein, and quinn protein have physiological functions of promoting, enhancing, and regulating immunity. Such enzymatic peptides, when taken into the circulatory system and human tissues, can stimulate the body's immune system to develop a specific immune response.

After entering the human body, the peptide can be used as an antigen, and it can directly stimulate B cells to produce antibodies without the assistance of T cells. However, after entering the human body, peptides can induce and promote T cell differentiation and maturation; stimulate B cells to produce and secrete immunoglobulins (antibodies) to participate in the human immune response; increase the natural killer cell (NK) vitality, without the participation of antibodies, Kills tumor cells, exerts broad-spectrum antitumor, anti-infective effects, and participates in immune regulation; stimulates K cells to kill pathogens that are not easily phagocytosed, such as parasites, malignant tumor cells, etc .; stimulates the killing ability of N cells; stimulates the phagocytosis of phagocytic cells It mainly improves its phagocytosis, digestion and secretion functions, participates in the immune response and immune regulation processes, and resists infection and antitumor; enhances the immune function of red blood cells; increases the production level of interleukin-2 (1L-2) and the expression level of receptors ; Enhance the production of Y-interferon in peripheral monocytes; Enhance the activity of SOD in serum; Can significantly increase the function of lymphocytes; Can effectively prevent the reduction of white blood cells caused by radiation nuclear chemotherapy and air, water, food, and environmental pollution; can be effective Inhibit the growth of tumor cells; prevent the reduction of CD4 + caused by malignant tumor chemoradiation. In short, the enzymatic peptide is an edible immune agent, which can comprehensively enhance the human immune function and immune regulation. It is a modern new immune agent and a treasure of modern immunity.

Peptide origin

The method of catalyzing protein by biological enzyme is called enzymatic method, and the polypeptide obtained by catalyzing protein by biological enzyme catalysis method is called "enzymatic polypeptide".

The term enzymatic peptide originated in 1996, and peptide scientist Zou Yuandong has achieved great success in catalyzing proteins with biological enzymes. That year, the overseas report of the People's Daily published the news, which attracted worldwide attention. Within 14 years, China's central mainstream media successively reported Zou Yuandong as a major model of China's independent innovation. In 2006, the "Guangming Daily" reported "Zou Yuandong" Enzyme Peptide with him "was titled as a topic for three consecutive days;" Science and Technology Daily "reported Zou Yuandong with a full page of 8000 words under the title of" Zou Yuandong's Independent Innovative Enzyme Peptide "; Xinhua News Agency Xinhuanet, People's Daily, People's Daily, CCTV, CCTV, China People s Broadcasting Network, China People s Liberation Army, China Academy of Sciences, China Centers for Disease Control, China Medical News, China Knowledge The Property Rights News reported on the stories of Zou Yuandong's independent innovation of enzymatic peptides in prominent positions. Enzymatic peptides are famous for this.

Peptide Features

There are many traditional methods for obtaining peptides. The traditional methods are: acid method, alkaline method, electric method, artificial grafting method, gene expression method and so on. However, in terms of process technology, the limitations of these synthetic methods are the reason that these synthetic methods have no products.

The enzymatic method has made breakthroughs and innovations on the basis of traditional methods, which meets the requirements of a low-carbon economy and green environmental protection. Enzymatic method is to use biological enzymes to catalyze proteins to obtain peptides, which are protein degradation and synthetic peptides. Enzymatic method is milder and more environmentally friendly than acid method, alkaline method and electric method. The production process is simple, the investment is small, the effect is fast, and it is suitable for industrial production. Its representative products are Sanjiu protein peptide and Jiusheng brand bitter gourd peptide.

Enzymatically obtained peptides have easy-to-control molecular weights, the product itself is rich in green attributes, the peptides produced have no bitter taste, and the peptides have a small molecular weight (mostly the molecular weight is below 1000). These small-molecule peptides are directly absorbed without digestion. Transmitter and nutritional functions, especially its biological functions with vitality and diversity.