What is anthropology?

Anthropology is a scientific study and analysis of human beings and humanity. Anthropologists are trying to understand all world cultures, customs, artifacts, knowledge, habits, history, etc. Anthropology has appeared as a clear academic discipline in England and America at the end of the 19th and early 20th century. Anthropology originally grew from natural history and since then has become dependent on archeology, paleontology, biology, psychology, humanities, social science and other areas. Since World War II, anthropology has been increasingly modeled after natural sciences and relied more on empirical evidence and less on subjective analysis.

Anthropology consists of four narrowly connected fields. The first is biological or physical anthropology, which simply tries to understand the human being as a living organism. Population genetics and primatology are useful here. The second and largest fields are socio -cultural anthropology, including the Field Studiporing or Recording anythe number of thousands of social or cultural patterns. The difference between socio -cultural anthropology and certain parts of psychology and sociology can be fuzzy. The third field is linguistic anthropology, which focuses on language, including its history and many complex branches. The fourth field is archeology, which is trying to dig artifacts, bones and other traces to throw the light on how people lived in previous cultures.

Anthropology looks at the whole history of mankind, starting when modern people first developed in Africa about 200,000 years ago. About 50,000 years ago, people are starting to travel outside the borders of Africa by crossing the Sinai Peninsula. Human bones from this time were found in Israel. From there, humanity has spread to the west to Europe and east to Asia and Australia, where fossils were found 46,000 years ago. Throughout Eurasia, humanity displaced by other homonides such as Neanderthals andHomo erectus. 46,000 years ago in Australia, most ground animals weighing more than 100 kg (220 lb) suddenly disappeared, indicating the arrival of humanity. 30,000 years ago, Neanderthals were disappeared; One of the last colonies was located near the Strait of Gibraltar.

either 30,000 or about 14,000 years ago, people crossed Bering Strait Land Bridge to America and arrived in New Mexico 13,000 years ago and then spread to the south to reach Tierro del Fuego 8,000 BC, but perhaps much earlier.

In thousands of years of relative isolation since our scattering humanity has developed thousands of different cultures, languages, traditions and instruments. The aim of anthropology is to understand it all.