What Is Glycerin Used For?

Glycerol, called glycerin by national standards, is colorless, odorless, sweet, and has a clear and thick liquid appearance. It is an organic substance. Commonly known as glycerin.

CAS number: 56-81-5

MDL number: MFCD00004722

EINECS number: 200-289-5

RTECS number: MA8050000

BRN number: 635685 ^[2]

1. Properties: colorless and odorless viscous liquid with sweet taste.

2. Boiling point (ºC, 101.3kPa): 290, 182 (2666pa)

3. Melting point (ºC, pour point): 20

4. Relative density (g / mL, 15 / 15ºC): 1.26526

5. Relative density (g / mL, 20 / 20ºC): 1.2613

6. Relative density (g / mL, 25 / 25ºC): 1.26170

7. Relative vapor density (g / mL, air = 1): 3.1

8. Refractive index (15ºC): 1.47547

9. Refractive index (n20ºC): 1.4746

10. Refractive index (n25ºC): 1.4730

11. Viscosity (mPa · s, 20ºC): 1500

12. Viscosity (mPa · s, 25ºC): 800

13. Viscosity (mPa · s, 30ºC): 600

14. Viscosity (mPa · s, 50ºC): 150

15. Flash point (ºC, closed mouth): 177

16. Ignition point (ºC): 523 (on Pt); 429 (on glass)

17. Heat of evaporation (KJ / mol, 55ºC): 88.17

18. Evaporation heat (KJ / mol, bp): 61.09

19. Heat of production (KJ / mol, 15ºC, liquid): 669.05

20. Heat of combustion (KJ / mol, 25ºC, liquid): 1654.42

21. Specific heat capacity (KJ / (kg · K), 15ºC): 2.46

22. Electrical conductivity (S / m, 20ºC): 1.0 × 10-8

23. Thermal conductivity (W / (m · K)): 0.29

24. Vapor pressure (kPa, 125.5ºC): 0.13

25. Body expansion coefficient (K-1): 0.000615

26. Solubility: can absorb hydrogen sulfide, hydrocyanic acid and sulfur dioxide. It is miscible with water and ethanol. 1 part of this product is soluble in 11 parts of ethyl acetate and about 500 parts of diethyl ether. Easily dehydrated and dehydrated to produce diglycerin and polyglycerin. It is oxidized to form glyceraldehyde and glyceric acid. It was solidified at 0 ° C, and flashy orthorhombic crystals were formed. Polymerization occurs at a temperature of about 150 ° C. It is incompatible with anhydrous acetic anhydride, potassium permanganate, strong acid, corrosives, fatty amines, isocyanates, and oxidants.

27. Relative density (20 , 4 ): 1.2613

28. Relative density (25 ° C, 4 ° C): 1.255130

29. Critical temperature (ºC): 576.85

30. Critical pressure (MPa): 7.5

31. Eccentricity factor: 1.320

32. Solubility parameter (J · cm-3) 0.5: 34.315

33. van der Waals area (cm2 · mol-1): 7.650 × 1010

34. van der Waals volume (cm3 · mol-1): 51.360 ^[2]

1. Toxicity grade poisoning

2. Acute toxicity: oral-rat LD50: 26000 mg / kg; oral-mouse LC50: 4090 mg / kg.

3. Irritation data: skin-rabbit 500 mg / 24 hours mild; eyes-rabbit 126 mg mild.

4. Consumption is non-toxic to the human body. When used as a solvent, it can be oxidized to acrolein and irritating. The intravenous injection LC50 of mice is 7.56g / kg, and the maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 10mg / m3.

5. Oral LD50 in rats: 20ml / kg; intravenous LD50: 4.4ml / kg. Store in a cool, dry place. ^[2]

   It has certain harm to the water body. No pollution to the environment. ^[2]

   1. Molar refractive index: 20.51

   2. Molar volume (cm3 / mol): 70.9

   3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K): 199.0

   4. Surface tension (dyne / cm): 61.9

   5. Polarizability (10-24cm3): 8.13 ^[2]

   1. Hydrophobic parameter calculation reference value (XlogP): None

   2.Number of hydrogen-bonded donors: 3

   3.Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 3

   4.Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 2

   5.Number of tautomers: none

   6. Topological molecular polar surface area 60.7

   7.Number of heavy atoms: 6

   8.Surface charge: 0

   9.Complexity: 25.2

   10.Number of isotope atoms: 0

   11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0

   12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0

   13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0

   14. Uncertain number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0

   15. Number of covalent bond units: 1 ^[2]

   1. Colorless, transparent, odorless, viscous liquid with sweet taste and hygroscopicity. It is miscible with water and alcohols, amines and phenols in any proportion, and the aqueous solution is neutral. Soluble 11 times in ethyl acetate and about 500 times in diethyl ether. Insoluble in benzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, petroleum ether, oils, and long-chain fatty alcohols. It is flammable and can cause combustion and explosion when it encounters strong oxidants such as chromium dioxide and potassium chlorate. It is also a good solvent for many inorganic salts and gases. It is non-corrosive to metals and can be oxidized to acrolein when used as a solvent.

   Chemical properties: Esterification reaction with acid, such as esterification with phthalic acid to generate alkyd resin. Transesterification occurs with the ester. Reacts with hydrogen chloride to form chlorohydrins. There are two ways to dehydrate glycerol: intermolecular dehydration to obtain diglycerin and polyglycerol; intramolecular dehydration to obtain acrolein. Glycerol reacts with a base to form an alcoholate. Reacts with aldehydes and ketones to form acetals and ketals. Oxidation with dilute nitric acid produces glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone; oxidation with periodic acid produces formic acid and formaldehyde. Contact with strong oxidants such as chromic anhydride, potassium chlorate or potassium permanganate can cause combustion or explosion. Glycerin can also perform nitrification and acetylation.

   2. Non-toxic. It is harmless to drink a total amount of 100g of dilute solution, and it will be oxidized after being hydrolyzed in the body to become a nutrient source. In animal experiments, if it is drunk in large quantities, it has the same anesthetic effect as alcohol.

   3. Exist in flue-cured tobacco leaves, burley tobacco leaves, spiced tobacco leaves, and smoke.

   4. Naturally found in tobacco, beer, wine, and cocoa. ^[2]

   1. Store in a clean and dry place, pay attention to sealed storage. Pay attention to moisture, water and heat, and do not mix with strong oxidants. Can be stored in tinned or stainless steel containers.

   2. Packed in aluminum drums or galvanized iron drums or stored in storage tanks lined with phenolic resin. It must be moisture-proof, heat-proof and waterproof during storage and transportation. Do not put glycerin with strong oxidants (such as nitric acid, potassium permanganate, etc.). Store and transport in accordance with general flammable chemical regulations. ^[2]

   Dangerous Transport Code: UN 1282 3 / PG 2

   Dangerous goods sign: Flammable and harmful

   Safety signs:

   The industrial production methods of glycerol can be divided into two categories:

   Gas chromatography fixed liquid (maximum use temperature: 75 ° C, solvent is methanol), separation and analysis of low boiling point oxygen compounds, amine compounds, nitrogen or oxygen heterocyclic compounds, can be completely separated

   2010 Chinese Pharmacopoeia revised and updated content

   glycerin

   Ganyou

   Glycerol

   Page number: 2005 edition two-68

   [Revised]

   [Inspection] Take 5.0ml of this product for easy carbonization, and add 5ml of sulfuric acid dropwise under shaking. At this time, the temperature should not exceed 20 ° C, and the standing time is 1 hour. Cobalt chloride solution 0.2ml, colorimetric

   Glycerin is

   Glycerin can explode if mixed with strong oxidants (such as chromium trichloride, potassium chlorate, potassium permanganate). The reaction rate is low in dilute solutions, and several oxidation products are formed. With light or with

   "Glycerin" (GB / T 13206-2011) "Glycerines" was implemented on September 1, 2012, replacing GB / T 13206-1991. ^[5]

   "Food additive-glyceryl monostearate" (GB 1986-2007) "Food additive-Glyceryl mono- and distearate" was implemented on June 1, 2008, replacing GB 1986-1989.