What is the heliosphere?
The heliosphere is a large bubble in a space created by the sun wind from the sun. On the edge of the heliosphere, the solar wind collides with gases from the interstellar medium and ceases to be a dominant cosmic weather. The heliosphere is the huge-is the closest border is about 100 AU (astronomical units or farm-sun distances) from there, while its furthest boundaries of its 200-300 AU distant. The heliosphere is shaped elliptically, as the tail of a comet, because of the rapid movement of the Sun through the interstellar medium because it orbits around the galactic center.
As mentioned, the cause of the heliosphere is the solar wind. Solar wind is a continuous current of charged particles, mostly free electrons and protons that flow from the Sun at a speed of 400 to 700 km/s (about 1,000,000 mph). This emerges to 6.7 billion tons per hour, or the weight equals the country every 150 million years. Although it sounds like a lot, it is actually very scattered because of the huge space.
In addition to the solar wind, the heliosphere is also maintained mThe Agnetic Field of the Sun, which extends at least 100 AU and has a shape similar to the shape of the dresses rotating ballerinas due to the rotation of the Sun every 27 days. This structure, the heliospheric current, creates a ripple in the whole heliosphere and, together with the heliosphere itself, is the largest structure in the solar system.
In addition to a layer of heliospheric current, the heliosphere has a different structure. For example, there is an end shock, the boundary of about 70-90 AU from the Sun, where the solar wind passes from the supersonic to the ground. This boundary was crossed by the spacecraft Voyager II in 2007. The probe actually passed five times because the boundaries fluctuate due to corresponding fluctuations in the sun ascent, including sun flares. In the universe, the speed of the Far sound is faster than on the ground (about 100 km/s), so the solar wind still moves fast at this distance, simply not fast enough to exceed the speed of sound.
Furthermore, the end of the shock is Heliopause, where the charged particles in the sun wind collides with the particles of the interstellar medium and the meadow of shock, where the solar wind ceases to have any effect on the interstellar medium at all. Our cosmic probes have not yet been achieved, but will be by 2020.