What Are the Different Types of International Organizational Structure?

International organizations are an important part of modern international life. They refer to various institutions established by two or more countries or their governments, people, and civil society based on specific purposes and in the form of certain agreements. ^[1]

International organizations

International organizations are an important part of modern international life. They refer to various institutions established by two or more countries or their governments, people, and civil society based on specific purposes and in the form of certain agreements. ^[1]

International Organization (s)

International organizations generally refer to

With the rapid development of information technology and the advancement of globalization, international organizations are expanding rapidly. Not only are they numbering in the tens of thousands, they also cover a wide range, including politics, economy, society, culture, sports, health, education, environment, security , Poverty, population, women and children, and many other fields related to human survival and development have become important forces in shaping the world situation and the development of human society. To understand the development and current status of international organizations is to understand the development and current status of the international community.

International organizations are created and developed in order to adapt to the ever-increasing exchanges between countries and the expanding areas and regions of exchanges. First appeared in Europe in the 19th century

After the Second World War, international exchanges became more frequent and interdependence between countries became deeper. This brought new changes to the development of international organizations and reflected the main characteristics of contemporary international organizations:

Organizations are becoming better

The 19th Century International Administrative Union was

Number of intergovernmental international organizations (IGOs) in several years since the 20th century

Year number Year number

1909 37 1989 4068

1951 123 1992 4878

1962 163 1996 5885

1970 242 2000 6556

1981 1039 2005 7350

Data source: Union of International Associations

The International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI) is the highest level

By member

International Governmental Organizations (IGOs) refer to international organizations that are generally established only by sovereign states and can be declared through legally binding international conventions, such as the Special Agencies of the United Nations .

International non-governmental organizations (NGOs) refer to international organizations that are established without intergovernmental agreement and are composed of groups such as independent agencies, civil organizations, and voluntary associations, accounting for more than 80% of the total number of international organizations. E.g,

According to UIA statistics, from 2004 to 2005, there were 58859 international organizations of all types, more than double the number from 1991. Among them, there were 7,350 intergovernmental international organizations and 51509 non-governmental international organizations. 61% and 109% more than in 1991, respectively. The increasing organization of the international community is not only reflected in the increase in the number of international organizations, but more importantly in the expansion of the scope of international organizations. It has already broken through the geographical and field limitations of the early days and is active in all aspects of today's human society.

There are many classifications of international organizations. Here we analyze the structure of international organizations based on UIA's international organization classification and data. According to UIA 2004 ~ 2005,

Within the scope of treaties and purposes, international organizations enjoy independent status in participating in international affairs and have the ability to directly bear the rights and obligations of international law, without being subject to the power of the state. This is a basic characteristic of intergovernmental international organizations. Article 104 of the Charter of the United Nations states: "In the territory of each Member State, the Organization shall enjoy the capacity necessary for the performance of its duties and the accomplishment of its purposes." This status and ability is specifically manifested in its right to cooperate with members States and other international organizations conclude treaties or sign agreements; they are responsible for convening various legislative meetings and indirectly participating in the formation of law-making treaties; UN agencies and personnel enjoy the necessary privileges and immunities in the territory of Member States to perform their tasks; And the right to deal with the assets of the Organization. Most scholars believe that international organizations, especially the United Nations organizations, have the subject status and qualifications of international law. But international organizations are different from countries. The rights of the former come from the treaties signed by each country and the organization's organic law. Its subjective status in international law is derived, and even the United Nations organization itself is not a state organ like a state. Therefore, some scholars lack the legal basis and factual basis for their views on the United Nations as a world government.

Provide venues for member states to engage in dialogue and cooperation at all levels

Each international organization is an international forum with a specific regional scope or a specific issue. It is a permanent and fixed form of international conference. It is a link and channel for connecting and communicating with member states. Through this international deliberative body where all member states participate on an equal footing, countries can freely express their national views, fully discuss international issues of common interest, help the international community to form and declare a certain world opinion, and help coordinate the policies of member states. With action. This forum is also an organizational form of multilateral diplomacy, providing convenient time and place for formal or informal exchanges and talks among member states, which is conducive to the development of bilateral relations and the easing of tensions.

Managing global public issues brought about by globalization

If the government of the same country is the manager of domestic and foreign affairs, the international organization plays a role of manager of common affairs of the international community in a certain sense. Especially in those specialized or technical fields, from postal, telecommunications, maritime, health, to meteorology, civil aviation, atomic energy, intellectual property, etc., the formulation of global or regional regulatory rules, the establishment and operation of regulatory agencies are all Completed by relevant international organizations. Although the effectiveness of such managed international organizations has been repeatedly questioned, the need for cooperation among States in these areas has not been denied. At a time when the world has entered into a global village, the managerial functions of international organizations will only be strengthened.

Distributing the fruits and benefits of economic development among member countries

From a global perspective, in addition to the functions within the sovereignty of each country, whether it is the production, development, and sales of natural resources, or the collection and lending of funds, there is also a problem of fair and reasonable distribution among the countries concerned. The function of such an international distributor is the international organization. From the world's production of petroleum, minerals, agricultural and animal husbandry products, sales prices, import and export ratios to the release of international funds to developing countries, the distribution principles, the determination and implementation of distribution programs, and the implementation of sanctions are now all Depends on relevant international economic, financial and commodity agreement organizations. In a certain sense, whether a fair and reasonable new international economic order can be established depends on the improvement, improvement, and strengthening of existing international organization's distribution functions.

Organizing activities in various fields of the international community

To promote the overall economic and social development of the international community, there are large and small organizational coordination centers in different fields and at different levels. The increasing trend of global organization is manifested to a large extent as the function of an international organizer. The United Nations is the largest organization and coordination center for world economic and social development. Regardless of the formulation and implementation of Third World Development Assistance projects, or the establishment of a new international economic order, whether it is global and regional sustainable development planning, or the promotion of universal human rights and fundamental freedoms, international organizations must be assisted The organizational functions of the organization establish a normal order in all areas of the international community. Although the organizational functions of very few international organizations show a tendency to integrate, for most organizations, their organizational functions are essentially a form of state cooperation and a non-sovereign administrative function.

Mediation and settlement of international political and economic disputes

The peaceful settlement of international disputes is a basic principle of modern international law. The implementation of this principle has not only relied on the parties to the dispute itself. International organizations have, to a considerable extent, become an effective tool for the peaceful settlement of disputes between States. Many basic documents of international organizations have listed them as their important functions, and stipulated corresponding settlement mechanisms. Disputes between member states, whether political or economic, or seeking diplomatic or legal settlements, international organizations can enter the settlement process at any time to promote or preside over the peaceful settlement of disputes. From the United Nations to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, from the International Court of Justice to the WTO's dispute settlement body, international organizations have proven their irreplaceable role in the peaceful settlement of disputes with their extensive practice.

Continue to maintain international peace

With the help of international organizations to establish a collective security system for members, maintaining peace and preventing wars has been the dream and pursuit of generations; it was not until the Second World War that the creation of the United Nations was the hallmark of this idea. Both global and regional political organizations regard maintaining world and regional peace as their responsibility, and serve the purpose with the entire organization's mechanism. Although to date, peacekeeping operations such as the United Nations, the Organization of African Unity, and the Organization of American States have not been able to provide a completely satisfactory record, no one can deny that such operations have effectively mitigated and calmed multiple regional armed conflicts And internal turmoil, preventing the spread and escalation of the war, laying the foundation for restoring peace and resolving disputes. After the Second World War, peace was maintained worldwide, and peace became an irreversible trend of the times, and international organizations contributed. In the context of globalization, international organizations should continue to play a good role in peacekeeping and prevent wars.

Channels and promoters of democratizing international relations

A multi-state system based on territory, sovereignty, and strength is a basic fact of international relations. Since the formation of the nation-state system, countless wars have occurred, and no country has been directly or indirectly involved in various wars. Power politics has always played a leading role in this system. Countries have increasingly recognized the need for appropriate adjustments and modifications to this system. The continuous deepening of globalization is slowly eroding this system. The development process of international organizations is an exploration process of people seeking to get rid of international anarchy and pursue the democratization of international relations.

The large number of contemporary international organizations and the activities of the United Nations for more than 40 years have shown that they have a positive and irreplaceable role in promoting international cooperation, easing regional conflicts, promoting the socio-economic development and welfare of countries, and promoting the development of international law. In particular, many international economic organizations are increasingly showing significant roles in coordinating the economic policies of member countries, promoting the healthy development of the world economy, advancing the cause of the new international economic order, and safeguarding the economic rights and interests of underdeveloped countries.