What Are the Different Types of Whistleblower Policies?

Refers to the fact that most people in the ruling group or society feel that some situation in reality has quite serious contradictions and conflicts with their interests, expectations, values and norms, and then require the relevant social public organizations and governments to take action through group or organization activities Social issues or public issues that are addressed and included in the policy agenda of the latter.

Public policy issues

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Refers to the fact that most people in the ruling group or society feel that some situation in reality has quite serious contradictions and conflicts with their interests, expectations, values and norms, and then require the relevant social public organizations and governments to take action through group or organization activities Social issues or public issues that are addressed and included in the policy agenda of the latter.

Chinese name

Public policy issues

Foreign name

Public Policy Problem

Belong to

Social or public issues

Field

Military issues, diplomatic issues, etc.

Solution

Control of resources, interests, behaviors, etc.

Cross discipline

Humanities, history, nature, engineering, agriculture, science, medicine

The basic connotation of public policy issues should mainly include the following five aspects:

1. Objective facts or problem situations: Policy issues arise from observable objective facts and problem situations that can be expressed.

2. Perception of the problem: Objective facts or situations have been perceived by the majority of the society or the ruling group and its few authoritative rulers, and they have felt the existence of the problem from their respective perspectives.

3 The conflict between reality and interest expectations: Serious conflicts make people feel a strong need or a feeling of deprivation, and it is necessary to take action to change this situation.

4 Group and organization activities: Only when certain groups or organizations take action can people affect the relevant public organizations and governments.

5. Necessary policy actions by the government and social public organizations: Relevant government organizations or social public organizations should take corresponding policy actions to solve them according to law.

Identification of public policy issues is an important part of policy analysis. The main task or content of the policy problem identification is to understand the field, scope and solution of the policy problem.

Different areas have different public policy systems, as well as different special conditions, resources, and means for solving policy problems. Therefore, when identifying a policy issue, we must first determine its domain and clarify the nature of the policy issue. This will help maintain policy continuity in all areas. The field and nature of public policy are generally divided into several categories, such as political issues, economic issues, scientific and technological issues, education issues, population issues, environmental issues, military issues, diplomatic issues, and so on. Because social life is organically linked, and various fields are infiltrated and blended with each other, sometimes the nature of a policy issue may overlap.

Policy issues not only belong to different areas in terms of nature, but also belong to different regions, levels, and departments in terms of space. For a country, there are differences between regions; for a region, there are differences between different sectors; for the same sector, there are differences at different levels. Therefore, we must emphasize the flexibility and specificity of policy issues in different regions, different departments, and at different levels. Sometimes an objective situation and event that is determined to be a policy issue in one area may not be a policy issue in another area; a situation that becomes a policy issue in one sector may not have risen to a policy issue in another sector; At a certain level, it is necessary to solve a policy issue, but at the previous level, it may no longer be a policy issue.

Different policy issues should be addressed using policies with different functions. According to the function of policies, public policies can be divided into guiding policies, distribution and redistribution policies, and restrictive policies. Corresponding to this, policy issues can also be divided into guiding policy issues, distributive and redistributive policy issues, and restrictive policy issues. Generally speaking, guiding policy issues are issues that have an impact on the overall development of the country; allocation and redistribution policy issues are related to the adjustment, transfer, and transfer of resources among various industries, industries, departments, enterprises and institutions, and members of society. The issue of benefit distribution; restrictive policy issues involve the control of resources, interests, and behavior among certain industries, industries, departments, units, and some members of society. Some policy issues may be both distributional and redistributive and restrictive.