What is the Maastricht Treaty?

Maastricht, a city in southeastern Netherlands, is located on the banks of the river Maas near the Belgian border. On February 7, 1992, the European Union signed the famous Maastricht Treaty here, ^[1] and it became famous for a while.

Maastricht

Maastricht is located in the southeast corner of the Netherlands, close to Belgium and Germany.

Found between 80,000 and 250,000 years west of Maastricht

Maastricht can be regarded as the culinary capital of the Netherlands, and a variety of cuisines always make tourists happy. In terms of food culture, here is the joyous and enthusiastic southeast of France

Maastricht and

(1) The first stage of the monetary union: The period is from July 1, 1990 to 1993. It is required to realize the free circulation of capital, truly realize a unified market, and perfectly coordinate economic policies. The second stage: from January 21, 1994, it is mainly to establish the embryonic form of the European Central Bank-the European Monetary Institution. The chairman of the agency is appointed by someone other than the presidents of the central banks of the member states. Phase III: Begins in January 1997 at the earliest and takes effect on January 1, 1999 at the latest. A true unified currency and an independent European Central Bank will be gradually established, which will be led by a management committee appointed by the European Council and the Central Bank Presidents Council of Member States, and the United Kingdom and Denmark will be entitled not to enter the third phase.

(2) Common Foreign and Security Policy

This policy will replace "European political cooperation". "Common action" in the most important areas of the European Community still needs to be adopted unanimously, but the principle of specific majority voting (implementing common action) is also adopted. The European Union's armed forces, the Western European Union, "will implement the European Union's defense decisions." The treaty ultimately provides for a common defence policy.

(3) European citizenship

The main content of European citizenship is that, regardless of which member state of the European Union resides in the European Union, the diaspora has the right to vote and be elected in European and municipal elections. Recognize the right of any citizen to petition in the European Parliament.

(Four) supplementary

The complementarity was adopted to solve the delicate issue of the decentralization of the EC and its member states. The EC intervenes only in its own domain, "when Member States are unable to satisfactorily achieve the objective of the action under consideration".

(5) European Parliament

Regarding the system, the European Parliament voted to appoint the EC's executive committee, appoint mediators to receive citizen complaints, and may establish commissions of inquiry. Li Li

Treaty of Maastricht ^[4]

In terms of law, cooperation procedures should be expanded. In the event of a disagreement between the European Parliament and the Council of Europe, joint decisions are made through mediation procedures. (6) Executive members

The functions of the EC Executive Committee remain unchanged, but its legal status has been strengthened due to changes in the way it is appointed.

(VII) Justice and Home Affairs

Governments that need unanimity agree that cooperation will in future involve issues related to "common interests" (evacuation: immigration, visas, police).

(8) Coordination Fund

The fund was established to assist the poorest areas in terms of environment and infrastructure.

(9) New fields:

While adhering to the principle of complementarity, the European Community can intervene in some new areas (education, public health: vocational training, etc.): The European Council can recommend to member states the adoption of some conventions.

(10) Social policies

Due to British opposition, there are two special discussions in the annex to the treaty. The signatories pledged to promote social development in Europe and promote employment. Since 1992, Denmark has vetoed the Mayo; France has reluctantly adopted a small majority. Defer referendum.