What Is a Savings and Loan?
Bank loans refer to an economic act in which a bank lends funds to those in need of funds at a certain interest rate in accordance with national policies and agrees to return them within a specified period. It is generally required to provide a guarantee, house mortgage, or income certificate, and a good personal credit can be applied.
Bank loan
A bank loan refers to an economic act in which an individual or an enterprise lends funds to a person or enterprise in need of funds at a certain interest rate in accordance with the policies of the country in which the bank is located.
Today, more and more post-80s and post-90s loans to buy a house or a car, the loan business provided by the bank has become the "new favorite" of the times. However, it is still a bit difficult to successfully loan at a bank, and it is even more difficult to obtain a loan at certain times. Let me share with you a few tips for successful loans, hoping to help more people successfully loan.
1. Reasons for borrowing: In the process of applying for a loan, the borrower's reason for the loan should be frank and clear, detailing the purpose of the loan and the advantages of personal repayment. For example: a good personal credit history.
2. Borrowing amount: The borrower's loan application amount in the bank should not be too high, because the larger the amount, the higher the probability of failure, but this is not what the lender wants, they certainly do not want their loan funds No movement of lending was seen within half a month. If the loan applied for by the lender is large, it is recommended that you reduce the amount of the loan appropriately, so that the hope of passing the bank review will be greatly increased.
3. Loan description: Fill in the application information in detail, the purpose of the loan, personal credit records, income sources, repayment ability, and household income. In order to ensure that your borrowing can be repaid on time, no matter when, where and how.
4. Loan repayment: After the borrower successfully applies for a loan, he must repay it according to the prescribed time. Don't be lucky, delay the repayment time, and cause bad personal credit records. In addition, relevant departments will make every effort to recover the arrears.
When a branch of a Hong Kong-funded bank in the Mainland of China accepts a bank loan application, it may issue a RMB loan or a Hong Kong dollar loan according to the requirements of the loan application;
1. RMB loans
Design suitable loan schemes and strive for favorable loan interest rates to speed up the progress of loan processing
Provide professional assessment guarantee services
Many investments
1. Credit line
The credit line is the maximum amount allowed by the borrower and bank in the agreement to allow the borrower to borrow.
2. Revolving credit agreement
A revolving credit agreement is a loan agreement that a bank legally promises to provide an enterprise with no more than a certain maximum amount.
3. Compensating balance
Compensatory balance is the minimum deposit balance required by the bank to be calculated in the bank based on the loan limit or a certain percentage of the actual borrowing amount (usually 10% to 20%).
The latest bank deposit and loan benchmark interest rate table implemented since October 24, 2015: six months (inclusive) 4.35% one year (inclusive) 4.75% one to five years (inclusive) 4.9% Note: The benchmark interest rate is set by the central bank and bank loans Interest rates can fluctuate based on this.
Due to different types of loans, the conditions and materials for applying for loans are different. The following will introduce the requirements for several common loans.
Loan Type 1:
Four major interest-saving strategies for bank loans: the length of the loan period should be reasonably planned
Strategy one: shop around three carefully selected banks
At present, competition among banks is very fierce.
1303 Loans
I. Various Issues According to Regulations by Accounting Enterprises (Banks)
The People's Bank of China has decided to reduce the benchmark interest rates for RMB loans and deposits of financial institutions from October 24, 2015 to further reduce social financing costs.
List of benchmark interest rates for central bank loans in 2016:
| Various loans | Annual interest rate% |
| Within one year (including one year) | 4.35 |
| One to five years (including five years) | 4.75 |
| More than five years | 4.90 |
| Personal Housing Provident Fund Loan | Annual interest rate% |
| Less than five years (including five years) | 2.75 |
| More than five years | 3.25 |
The latest benchmark bank interest rate table for 2012 (September 14, 2012)
| interest rate |
Current deposit | 0.35 |
Take a fixed deposit | - |
Three months | 2.60 |
Half a year | 2.80 |
One year | 3.00 |
Two years | 3.75 |
Three years | 4.25 |
Five years | 4.75 |
Various loans | interest rate |
Six months | 5.60 |
One year | 6.00 |
One to three years | 6.15 |
Three to five years | 6.40 |
More than five years | 6.55 |
Provident Fund Loan | - |
Less than five years (including five years) | 4.00 |
More than five years | 4.50 |
2011 latest bank loan interest rate table
| | 6 months Inside(%) | 6 months to 1 year(%) | One year to Three years (%) | Three years to Five years (%) | Five years on(%) | Five years under(%) | Five years on(%) |
|---|
sequence number | date | short term | Medium to long term | Personal Housing Provident Fund loan |
|---|
1 | 2011-07-07 | 6.10 | 6.56 | 6.65 | 6.90 | 7.05 | 4.45 | 4.90 |
2 | 2011-04-06 | 5.85 | 6.31 | 6.40 | 6.65 | 6.80 | 4.20 | 4.70 |
3 | 2011-02-09 | 5.60 | 6.06 | 6.10 | 6.45 | 6.60 | 4.00 | 4.50 |
4 | 2010-12-26 | 5.35 | 5.81 | 5.85 | 6.22 | 6.40 | 3.75 | 4.30 |
5 | 2010-10-20 | 5.10 | 5.56 | 5.60 | 5.96 | 6.14 | 3.50 | 4.05 |
6 | 2008-12-23 | 4.86 | 5.31 | 5.40 | 5.76 | 5.94 | 3.33 | 3.87 |
7 | 2008-11-27 | 5.04 | 5.58 | 5.67 | 5.94 | 6.12 | 3.51 | 4.05 |
8 | 2008-10-30 | 6.03 | 6.66 | 6.75 | 7.02 | 7.20 | 4.05 | 4.59 |
9 | 2008-10-27 | 6.12 | 6.93 | 7.02 | 7.29 | 7.47 | 4.05 | 4.59 |
10 | 2008-10-09 | 6.12 | 6.93 | 7.02 | 7.29 | 7.47 | 4.32 | 4.86 |
11 | 2008-09-16 | 6.21 | 7.20 | 7.29 | 7.56 | 7.74 | 4.59 | 5.13 |
12 | 2007-12-21 | 6.57 | 7.47 | 7.56 | 7.74 | 7.83 | 4.77 | 5.22 |
13 | 2007-09-15 | 6.48 | 7.29 | 7.47 | 7.65 | 7.83 | 4.77 | 5.22 |
14 | 2007-08-22 | 6.21 | 7.02 | 7.20 | 7.38 | 7.56 | 4.59 | 5.04 |
15 | 2007-07-21 | 6.03 | 6.84 | 7.02 | 7.20 | 7.38 | 4.50 | 4.95 |
16 | 2007-05-19 | 5.85 | 6.57 | 6.75 | 6.93 | 7.20 | 4.41 | 4.86 |
17 | 2007-03-18 | 5.67 | 6.39 | 6.57 | 6.75 | 7.11 | 4.32 | 4.77 |
18 | 2006-08-19 | 5.58 | 6.12 | 6.30 | 6.48 | 6.84 | 4.14 | 4.59 |
19 | 2006-04-28 | 5.40 | 5.85 | 6.03 | 6.12 | 6.39 | 4.14 | 4.59 |
20 | 2005-03-17 | 5.22 | 5.58 | 5.76 | 5.85 | 6.12 | 3.96 | 4.41 |
The latest mortgage interest rate adjustment table after interest rate increase
| Interest rate before adjustment | Adjusted interest rate |
I. Deposits of urban and rural residents and units | | |
(1) Current deposit | 0.36 | 0.36 |
(2) Full deposit and withdrawal | | |
Three months | 1.71 | 1.91 |
Half a year | 1.98 | 2.20 |
One year | 2.25 | 2.50 |
Two years | 2.79 | 3.25 |
Three years | 3.33 | 3.85 |
Five years | 3.60 | 4.20 |
Second, various loans | | |
Six months | 4.86 | 5.10 |
One year | 5.31 | 5.56 |
One to three years | 5.40 | 5.60 |
Three to five years | 5.76 | 5.96 |
More than five years | 5.94 | 6.14 |
First, in terms of loan types, it is generally appropriate to gradually upgrade from small to large. You can first apply for a working capital loan to the bank through effective pledges, mortgages, or third-party guarantees, and then apply for a project loan when you have some strength.
Secondly, in terms of loan amount, since private operators are generally not rich enough, they should do what they can to make loans and try to avoid investing too much.
Third, in terms of loan interest rates, according to the relevant regulations of the People's Bank of China, the commercial banks and urban and rural credit cooperatives may increase the interest rate on loans to private operators by up to 30%. However, the fluctuations of various banks and credit cooperatives are not the same. Therefore, when applying for loans, you can "shop around" and try to choose financial institutions with small fluctuations in interest rates to lend.
Fourth, in terms of loan term of bank financing loans, the current short-term loans are divided into two interest rates within 6 months (including 6 months) and 6-12 months (including 1 year). For short-term loans of less than 1 year The contract interest rate is implemented, and interest is not calculated in stages. The medium and long-term loans are divided into 3 grades of 1 to 3 years, 3 to 5 years, and more than 5 years. On January 1 of the next year, the new interest rate for loans in the same period will be implemented.
Prescribe loan conditions
The loan conditions mainly include two aspects: the loan interest rate and the loan time limit, and a certain punitive interest rate can be used for short-term loans. Last loan at the central bank
Compared with other financing methods, the main disadvantages of bank loans are:
First, the conditions are harsh, there are too many restrictive clauses, the procedures are too complicated, it takes time and effort, and sometimes it may not run for a year;
Second, the borrowing period is relatively short, and long-term investments rarely receive loans;
Third, the loan amount is relatively small, and it is difficult to solve all the funds required for the development of the enterprise through the bank. Especially for the start-up and entrepreneurial stage, the risk of loans is large, and it is difficult to obtain bank loans.
Years | Annual interest rate (%) | Monthly interest rate () | Monthly repayment amount (yuan) | Total principal and interest (yuan) |
6 months | 4.86% | Repayment of principal and interest due once | | |
1 | 5.31% | | | |
2 | 5.40% | 4.50 | 440.51 | 10572.18 |
3 | 5.40% | 4.50 | 301.51 | 10854.29 |
4 | 5.76% | 4.80 | 233.75 | 11220.07 |
5 | 5.76% | 4.80 | 192.21 | 11532.84 |
6 | 5.94% | 4.95 | 165.45 | 11912.10 |
7 | 5.94% | 4.95 | 145.80 | 12247.04 |
8 | 5.94% | 4.95 | 131.12 | 12587.75 |
9 | 5.94% | 4.95 | 119.76 | 12934.19 |
10 | 5.94% | 4.95 | 110.72 | 13286.33 |
11 | 5.94% | 4.95 | 103.36 | 13644.14 |
12 | 5.94% | 4.95 | 97.27 | 14007.57 |
13 | 5.94% | 4.95 | 92.16 | 14376.58 |
14 | 5.94% | 4.95 | 87.80 | 14751.12 |
15 | 5.94% | 4.95 | 84.06 | 15131.14 |
16 | 5.94% | 4.95 | 80.82 | 15516.58 |
17 | 5.94% | 4.95 | 77.98 | 15907.38 |
18 | 5.94% | 4.95 | 75.48 | 16303.49 |
19 | 5.94% | 4.95 | 73.27 | 16704.85 |
20 | 5.94% | 4.95 | 71.30 | 17111.37 |
twenty one | 5.94% | 4.95 | 69.54 | 17523.01 |
twenty two | 5.94% | 4.95 | 67.95 | 17939.68 |
twenty three | 5.94% | 4.95 | 66.53 | 18361.31 |
twenty four | 5.94% | 4.95 | 65.24 | 18787.83 |
25 | 5.94% | 4.95 | 64.06 | 19219.16 |
26 | 5.94% | 4.95 | 63.00 | 19655.22 |
27 | 5.94% | 4.95 | 62.02 | 20095.93 |
28 | 5.94% | 4.95 | 61.13 | 20541.21 |
29 | 5.94% | 4.95 | 60.32 | 20990.98 |
30 | 5.94% | 4.95 | 59.57 | 21445.14 |
Behind the beautiful performance landscape of the banking industry, the quality of bank credit assets has always been a cause for concern, and the general rise in the balance of non-performing loans in the banking industry in the first half of the year has put the quality of credit assets to the test. The interim results released by some joint-stock banks have also verified this concern.
The second quarter of the banking regulatory indicators announced by the China Banking Regulatory Commission showed that in the second quarter, non-performing loans of small and medium-sized banks rebounded more than the state-owned banks. Non-performing balances of large state-owned banks rose by 0.9% month-on-month, and non-performing loan balances of joint-stock banks, city commercial banks, rural commercial banks, and foreign banks rose by 8.1%, 12.3%, 13.9%, and 20.8%, respectively.
Significant increase in overdue loans
During the slowdown of economic growth, some small and medium-sized enterprises encountered certain difficulties in operating, especially in the Zhejiang area where private lending was more prevalent. This has become an important reason for the decline in bank asset quality in this round. Take Ping An Bank as an example. From the perspective of the industry, 78% of the bank s new non-performing loans came from the manufacturing industry. From a regional perspective, 88% of the new non-performing loans in the first half of the year came from the eastern region, indicating that Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai SMEs are operating. The predicament has a great impact on the asset quality of Ping An Bank.
Pudong Development Bank is no exception. The bank stated in its semi-annual report: "Affected by the regional economy, the company's new non-performing loans in the first half of 2012 were mainly concentrated in Wenzhou and Hangzhou, and the quality of loans in other regions remained basically stable. The company s increased credit risk in the first half of 2012 in Hangzhou has been taken into account when drawing up loan reserves. "
Some analysts believe that there is a clear phenomenon in the changes in asset quality of listed banks: non-performing loans have increased more than some banks at the beginning of the year, and overdue loans have increased more during the same period, and the non-performing ratio has increased more, and the provision coverage ratio has fallen faster In the future, the pressure on asset quality will also be greater.
From the perspective of overdue loans, as of the end of the period, SPD Bank's overdue loans were 12.3 billion yuan, an increase of 5.51 billion yuan from the beginning of the period of 6.79 billion yuan, an increase of 88.1%. Minsheng Bank's overdue loan balance was 16.849 billion yuan, an increase of 63.22%; Ping An Bank's overdue loan in the first half of the year increased by 51% over the beginning of the year; China Merchants Bank's overdue loan balance was 18.834 billion yuan, an increase of 38.27%; Industrial Bank's overdue loan half-year quarter-on-month Up 37%; Huaxia Bank's overdue loan balance was 5.858 billion yuan, an increase of about 30.7%.
Although overdue loans do not necessarily translate into non-performing loans, and eventually cause banks to lose money. However, the substantial increase in overdue loans has still caused the market to
Finding the lowest interest rate for lower loan costs: Due to different pricing strategies for financial products, the same loan type has different interest rates in different banks. In addition to selecting the interest rate level, other factors must also be considered, such as whether the loan has to pay a handling fee, whether the collateral is to be evaluated, and other factors that may lead to increased costs.
Different repayment methods can have a difference of up to 10,000 yuan: the bank provides a variety of flexible and repayment methods for loan repayment, and there are two more commonly used-"average monthly repayment" and "monthly principal repayment". Different repayment methods, the difference in currency costs can reach tens of thousands of yuan.
"Large repayments" reduce the total loan and save interest; make full use of subtle regulations related to loans to further reduce loan costs.
In the General Rules of Loans promulgated by the People's Bank of China in June 1996, loans were classified as follows:
(1) Self-employed loans, entrusted loans and specific loans
A self-operated loan refers to a loan that is independently issued by the lender using funds raised in a legal manner. The risk is borne by the lender and the lender recovers the principal and interest. Entrusted loans refer to funds provided by clients, such as government departments, enterprises, institutions, and individuals. The lender (that is, the trustee) issues, supervises, and uses the loans based on the loan objects, uses, amounts, terms, and interest rates determined by the client. Assistance in recovering loans. The lender (trustee) only charges a handling fee and does not bear the risk of the loan. A specific loan refers to a loan issued by a wholly state-owned commercial bank after approval by the State Council and taking appropriate remedial measures for possible losses caused by the loan.
(2) Short-term loans, medium-term loans and long-term loans
Short-term loans refer to loans with a loan term within one year (including one year). Medium-term loans are loans with a term of more than one year (excluding one year) and less than five years (including five years). Long-term loans refer to loans with a term of five years (excluding five years).
(3) Credit loans, secured loans and discounted bills
Credit loans refer to loans issued in the creditworthiness of the borrower. Guaranteed loans refer to guaranteed loans, mortgage loans, and pledged loans. A secured loan refers to a loan issued by a third party in accordance with the guarantee method stipulated in the "Guarantee Law of the People's Republic of China" when a borrower fails to repay the loan and assumes general guarantee responsibility or joint and several liabilities as agreed. Mortgage loan refers to a loan issued with the property of the borrower or a third party as collateral in accordance with the mortgage method stipulated in the Guarantee Law of the People's Republic of China. A pledged loan refers to a loan issued with the movable property or rights of the borrower or a third party as the pledge in accordance with the pledge method stipulated in the Guarantee Law of the People's Republic of China. Discounted bills refer to loans issued by lenders by purchasing unexpired commercial paper from the borrower.
Loan Tips
Finding the lowest interest rate for lower loan costs: Due to different pricing strategies for financial products, the same loan type has different interest rates in different banks. In addition to selecting the interest rate level, other factors must also be considered, such as whether the loan has to pay a handling fee, whether the collateral is to be evaluated, and other factors that may lead to increased costs.
Different repayment methods can have a difference of up to 10,000 yuan: banks have provided a variety of flexible and repayment methods for loan repayment, and there are two more commonly used-"average monthly repayment" and "monthly principal repayment". Different repayment methods, the difference in currency costs can reach tens of thousands of yuan.
