What Is a Teachers' Pension?

China's current college teacher retirement system was established in the early 1950s. Although it has been revised and adjusted several times since then, the system structure of the state and units has not changed. With the progress of higher education in the past decade, the traditional retirement system is gradually unable to meet the current needs. An analysis of the current retirement system in colleges and universities, the analysis of existing problems, and the difficulties that may be faced by the implementation of reforms are the primary tasks for reforms.

Endowment insurance for college teachers

Right!

China's current college teacher retirement system was established in the early 1950s. Although it has been revised and adjusted several times since then, the system structure of the state and units has not changed. With the progress of higher education in the past decade, the traditional retirement system is gradually unable to meet the current needs. An analysis of the current retirement system in colleges and universities, the analysis of existing problems, and the difficulties that may be faced by the implementation of reforms are the primary tasks for reforms.

Chinese name

Endowment insurance for college teachers

Time

1950s

the reason

Institutional structure organized by the state and units

Classification

Insurance

The current retirement system for college teachers in China has been adjusted several times in the past three decades, but the overall changes have been small. It mainly involves the sources of retirement funding, retirement conditions, and retirement benefits. The first is the source of funding. Part of the current retirement funding for university teachers comes from the state finance, but because the state s financial investment in universities has been generally insufficient for a long time, and the income of retired faculty and staff has been increasing year by year, many colleges and universities are under pressure to provide pensions for retirees. . Followed by retirement conditions. Regarding the retirement conditions of colleges and universities, according to the provisions of Guofa (1978) 104 on the retirement conditions of college teachers: males to 60 years of age, females to 55 years of age, and more than 10 years of service. The unit will issue corresponding pensions according to the actual situation. Once again, retirement benefits. The current retirement benefits are mainly based on the relevant state regulations. Retirement fees are calculated based on a certain percentage of the sum of the first two basic salaries at the time of retirement.

With the continuous development of China's economy, the turnkey retirement system is gradually unable to adapt to the general environment and is not conducive to economic and social development. The main manifestations are as follows: First, it affects the work enthusiasm of college teachers. The general direction of the reform of the distribution system is to suit the law of social development and improve the welfare of college teachers. The traditional retirement system is not conducive to improving the retirement treatment of college teachers, making them full of doubts about their income after retirement, which will affect the work of college teachers. Passion and motivation. Second, increase the burden on universities. As China implements dual-track operation on the current pension insurance system, the pensions of public institutions, including universities, are much higher than those of enterprises. Therefore, some super-staff in universities or some of them can choose to stay according to relevant regulations. The unwillingness to leave a tree like a university makes the university's own financial burden always heavy. In addition, in recent years, the benefits of retirees in colleges and universities have increased significantly, while the government s investment is small, which has also increased the burden on colleges and universities. Finally, it is not conducive to the full use of talents of college teachers. The current retirement age for colleges and universities is 60 for men and 55 for women. But today life expectancy has grown significantly, and health is much more optimistic than in the past. As high-level professional and technical personnel, college teachers, if the working time can not be extended, obviously can not give full play to the role of talents.

At present, performance wages are implemented in many parts of the country, and a very important spirit of performance wages is to greatly increase the benefits of retirees. The growth of retirees' benefits has far exceeded that of incumbent employees, and these costs have been used for the development of universities. fund. This has greatly dampened the enthusiasm of the working staff, and has also hindered the reform of the school's distribution system, because under the premise that the treatment of retirees has increased significantly, universities have been unable to afford the corresponding growth in income of the working staff. Therefore, from the current point of view, the traditional retirement system for colleges and universities is no longer suitable for the current situation and future development trends of colleges and universities, so reform of the retirement system for colleges and universities is imperative.

Ideological problems

On the one hand, when the state formulates policies, it should fully grasp the national conditions and respect the professional characteristics of college teachers. It cannot simply throw the endowment insurance of college teachers as a burden on the country to the society. The support of teaching staff is also not conducive to the development of higher education. Therefore, policy makers should change their mindset, carefully listen to the opinions of college faculty and staff members, and take into account the interests of faculty and staff members.

On the other hand, if the reform only targets public institutions and does not change the treatment of civil servants, it is unfair. Objectively, there will be three kinds of injustice to the staff of institutions such as universities and colleges: First, the retirement system and treatment currently implemented by most institutions are similar to those of civil servants. If it is to reduce the financial burden, it is obvious that there is only reform for institutions Unfair. Second, in recent years, civil servants' retirement benefits are higher than those of public institutions. Now civil servants continue to improve their retirement benefits, but they need to reform the pension insurance of public institutions and reduce the corresponding retirement benefits, which is obviously unfair to public institutions. Third, the salary of Chinese people is the same as the "price rigidity" in economics, which belongs to "there is no rise or fall". If the reform of the old-age insurance system of public institutions will reduce the corresponding retirement benefits, of course, the continued implementation of the old measures by civil servants cannot be regarded as fair and reasonable, making it unacceptable to college staff.

Cost Difficulties at the Beginning of the Reform

If the reform is officially launched, the funding problem should be a major problem, and colleges and universities will have little capital accumulation. Take a university in Zhejiang as an example to calculate an account: if the proportion of pension insurance paid by the unit is 20%, the individual is 8%, and the number of retired faculty and staff is 2,000, the university needs to supplement nearly 50 million every year to make each teacher The employees are equivalent to the existing retired salary, and the total tuition income of this university is only over 70 million. Therefore, this burden is obvious, but if we take the opportunity to let colleges and universities find another financial path, it may lead to the derailment of college education. Therefore, it is necessary for the state to introduce corresponding policies to solve this problem.

Management of retirees after reform

For a long time, retirees in colleges and universities are under the unified management of college retirees. Retirement benefits are uniformly distributed by the school to the personal accounts of faculty and staff, of which approximately 30% of the funds are approved by the government, and the remaining funds are self-replenished by the universities according to standards. Such a process increases the complexity of the disbursement process and the uncertainty of retirement funds, which needs to be changed. A special social management service agency should be set up, and this department will be responsible for the pension of retired faculty and staff, and the department will coordinate other related matters of retired faculty and staff. As an important part of social security reform, the purpose of national reform is to allow older comrades who have made significant contributions to the country s higher education career to have a better welfare and corresponding supporting social security system. The reform service should attract high attention from policy makers.

In order to meet the reform and development requirements of China's higher education, a new insurance system needs to be established as soon as possible. During the implementation of the reform, we should first reflect on the past several reforms, re-evaluate the obstacles that the reform may encounter, and explore the corresponding system reforms while practicing.

Clarify the "Social Security Law" and its corresponding implementation norms and plan supporting services. In the "Social Security Law", it is necessary to make a detailed explanation of the relevant provisions and to explain the doubts that may arise during the specific implementation process, so that each unit can have a basis in the reform process and ensure the smooth progress of the reform. At the same time, in the process of sound laws and regulations, make a corresponding service network to meet the reform of the interests of all personnel in public institutions, strengthen cooperation with community-owned units, and protect the lives of retired people after being transferred to social management. And enjoy the social security of "support for the elderly and support for the elderly".

Increase publicity, raise awareness, and advance the pace of reform. There are many intellectuals in our country, and they all have their own deep understanding of various things. Therefore, for a reform with their vital interests, if they want to gain their approval, they must strengthen their propaganda efforts so that they understand that this reform is in line with the requirements of national and personal interests, a sign of the progress of the times, and eliminate their original Doubts. While letting the majority of faculty and staff understand the endowment insurance system, they should also be made aware of the useful supplementary parts of endowment insurance, such as occupational annuities and personal commercial insurance.

Form a multi-pillar, multi-level security structure. Based on the fundamental interests of the majority of faculty and staff, the endowment insurance system should not only reflect a single basic endowment insurance, it should have multiple levels and supplements. Of course, some additions, such as the teacher's annuity system, should take full account of the actual economic conditions of the locality and the university where the teacher is located, which can also objectively reflect a certain fairness. As for the commercial insurance of individual behaviors, the teacher chooses according to the personal financial situation. Such an insurance system at several levels can not only guarantee the basic life of the faculty and staff members, but also obtain the value preservation and appreciation of pensions through the operation of the capital market through designated funds. This system consisting of several levels and pillars will better guarantee the retirement life of faculty and staff, and is in line with the direction of reform.

Guarantee the fairness of the reform. The fairness of reform mainly refers to the simultaneous reform of the trinity of civil servants, public institutions, and enterprises, which can effectively eliminate the resistance of college faculty and staff and can also play a guiding role. There are two suggestions to break the current predicament of the reform of old-age insurance: one is to uniformly adjust the civil servants and institutions to the enterprise pension standard; the other is to raise the lower pension standard to the same level as the higher standard.

Coordinate national pension insurance to create a convenient and safe environment for the flow of pension insurance. In the current economic environment, the flow of talents is very common, so providing a convenient and secure pension insurance succession system is the most important. To achieve this, there are two issues worth paying attention to: first, each account must have clear records; second, whether it is easy to calculate the sum of the rights of the insured in multiple regions, and whether the accounting standards in each region are consistent. In short, if the transfer and settlement methods can be facilitated and secure, it will also reduce the resistance of faculty and staff to reform and promote the development of reform.

Drawing on the old-age insurance system of foreign college teachers. Endowment insurance is a product of modern industrial civilization. When exploring the reform of the endowment system for college teachers in China, we must pay attention to learning from mature systems operating abroad. Based on China's national conditions, the foreign endowment insurance system is borrowed from the following aspects: First, the identity and status of teachers; second, the model of the system, and the relationship between the model and the political and economic environment, education system, and traditional culture; third, the system The specific content, such as composition, subject of responsibility, financial system, source of funds, etc .; Fourth, the level of treatment, which position in various industries; Fifth, the possible development trend of the pension system. ^[1]