What Is an Investor Profile?

Investors are natural and legal persons who invest cash to purchase certain assets in order to obtain benefits or profits. Investors in the broadest sense include company shareholders, creditors and stakeholders. Investors in the narrow sense refer to shareholders. In the financial market, the so-called investors refer to all individuals and institutions, including depositors, who have purchased financial instruments to finance their capital in financial transactions. Investors are called investors during capital verification. Investors generally have the characteristics of personally tending to be conservative, with basic analysis as the main risk load, and less dependence on information.

investor

Investors are those who invest cash to purchase certain assets in order to obtain benefits or profits.

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Strategy

A strategic investor is a company that meets the requirements of national laws, regulations, and rules, has a cooperative relationship or cooperation intention and potential with the issuer, and is willing to

GEM investors

Pedestrian placing requirements are legal persons who have signed strategic investment placing agreements with issuers; they are legal persons who are closely connected with the business of the issuing company and want to hold shares of the issuing company for a long period of time. China introduces strategic investors in new share offerings, allowing strategic investors to participate in the purchase of new shares issued by issuers. The lead underwriter is responsible for identifying general corporate investors, and each issuer gives its strategic investors a clear and detailed definition in the stock issuance announcement.

Securities

Securities investors are the fund suppliers of the securities market, mainly institutional investors and individual investors. Numerous securities investors have ensured the continuity of securities issuance and trading. They have also been active in the securities market. Securities investors are institutions and individuals who buy securities for the purpose of obtaining interest, dividends or capital gains. Institutional investors are mainly financial institutions such as securities companies, mutual funds and enterprises, institutions, and social groups.

Institution

In a broad sense, it refers to a legal entity that specializes in securities investment activities with its own funds or funds raised from the dispersed public. In western countries, securities companies, investment companies, insurance companies, various welfare funds, pension funds, and financial consortia whose main source of income is securities are generally called institutional investors. The most typical of these is a mutual fund that specializes in portfolio investment. In China, institutional investors are mainly securities self-operated institutions that have the qualifications for securities self-operated businesses, and various investment funds that comply with relevant national policies and regulations.

Institutional investors usually have the characteristics of concentration and professionalism, and pay more attention to rational investment and long-term investment.

Personal class

Generally speaking, the holders of stocks include individual investors and institutional investors.

Market participants are mainly individual investors, that is, investors who engage in the trading of stocks as natural persons. Ordinary shareholders are investors who engage in stock trading as natural persons.

Fund category

Fund investors are holders of fund shares, are funders of funds, owners of fund assets and beneficiaries of fund investment income. According to the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Securities Investment Fund Law (hereinafter referred to as the "Securities Investment Fund Law"), China's fund investors enjoy the following rights: Share fund property income, participate in the distribution of the remaining fund property after liquidation, transfer or apply for redemption in accordance with law Return to the fund units it holds, and convene fund unit holders 'meetings in accordance with regulations, exercise voting rights on the matters considered by the fund unit holders' meetings, consult or copy the fund information disclosed in the profile, and provide information to fund managers, fund custodians, A lawsuit has been filed in accordance with the law for the behavior of the fund unit offering institution to damage its legitimate rights and interests.

Government

Government investors are government agencies that make securities investments. The main purpose of government agencies for securities investment is not to obtain investment income such as interest and dividends, but to adjust the surplus of funds and implement open market operations for macroeconomic regulation.

Angel class

Angel investors (known in Europe as "Business Angel", or "Angel" for short) are individuals who have substantial income and provide startup capital for startups. Angel investors' investment usually requires obtaining the equity capital of the invested company. Unlike venture investors, angel investors generally do not invest their angel capital through funds managed by professional managers. Angel investors will self-organize into an angel investor network or angel investor group, and then report to this Put angel capital online and share investment research results with each other.

Venture capital bears a high degree of risk, so the returns it requires will be very high. Since most angel investments will lose all their funds because of startup bankruptcy, professional angel investors will generally require investment returns equal to at least 10 times the principal within 5 years, and there must be a clear exit mechanism, or Public offerings (IPOs) of investee companies or acquisitions through investee companies.

After comprehensively considering the successful investment to make up for the unsuccessful investment's capital loss and waiting for the time cost of the successful investment project to finally succeed, the investment return of a typical successful angel investment portfolio should be 20% -30% . Although angel investment's high return demand makes angel investment a very expensive source of capital, cheap financing methods such as bank loans are usually not available to startups.

Many angel investors are retired business owners or managers. The reason they are interested in providing angel investment may not be limited to pure financial returns. Other reasons may include the desire to keep up with the times, to provide guidance for a new generation of entrepreneurs, or to "retreat", that is, although they are no longer working full-time in a company, they still want to use their experience and network Develop the businesses you invest in. As a result, angel investors can provide start-ups with valuable management advice and important relationships.

According to statistics from the University of New Hampshire Entrepreneurship Research Center, there were 225,000 active angel investors in the United States in 2005.

Beginning in the late 1980s, angel investors began to merge themselves into informal groups, with the goal of sharing investment projects, investigating the results of investment projects, and integrating personal funds into larger investment funds. Angel investor groups are generally regional organizations consisting of 10-150 day-certified investors interested in investing in startups.

In 1996, the United States consisted of about 10 angel investment groups. In 2005, it had grown to more than 200.

In January 2004, the non-profit Angel Investment Association and later Angel Investment Education Foundation were established under the auspices of the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, which brought together more than 100 of the most active angel investor groups in the United States. The Angel Investment Association and the Angel Investment Education Foundation hold summits in different cities every year. Leaders of many angel investor groups will come together to exchange experiences.

In 2004, 18.5% of early-screened investment projects were invested by angel investment groups, a rate higher than 10% in 2003, which is basically at a historical average. After considering the early screening process, the companies receiving angel investment account for only 0.5% -1% of all companies applying for angel investment (but this is still higher than the 0.2% -0.25% ratio of venture capital). About 45,000 US companies received angel investment in 2004, with an average funding of $ 469,000. Most angel investments are invested in high-tech companies, the largest of which is the software industry.

Investor Relations Managementa (English abbreviation IRM), sometimes also referred to as Investor Relations (IR Abbreviation) was born in the late 1950s in the United States. This name contains a fairly broad meaning. It It includes the management of the relationship between listed companies (including the companies to be listed) and shareholders, creditors and potential investors, as well as the management of relationships between listed companies and various intermediaries in the capital market during the communication with investors.

Specifically, IRM (Investor Relationship Management) refers to the use of financial communication and marketing principles to manage the content and channels of information communication between the company and the financial and other sectors to maximize the value of relevant stakeholders. It has received widespread approval from investors as scheduled, standardizing the operation of the capital market, realizing external incentives to the company's operating constraints, maximizing shareholder value and protecting investor interests, and alleviating pressure on regulators.

IRM is also commonly understood as Public Relation Management (PRM).